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That natural resources can be a curse as well as a blessing is almost a truism in political analysis. In many late-developing countries, the "resource curse" theory predicts, the exploitation of valuable resources will not result in stable, prosperous states but rather in their opposite. Petroleum deposits, for example, may generate so much income that rulers will have little need to establish efficient, tax-extracting bureaucracies, leading to shallow, poorly functioning administrations that remain at the mercy of the world market for oil. Alternatively, resources may be geographically concentrated, thereby intensifying regional, ethnic, or other divisive tensions. In Hard Times in the Land...
This paper initially examines the evolution of land settlement policies in Malaysia and Indonesia, and in particular, looks at which models or types of schemes have or have not been successful. It then tries to isolate in both cases the factors - political, economic and cultural - that have either aided or impeded success. Finally, drawing on these two examples, it examines the kind and levels of government inputs that have been necessary for the successful implementation of these settlement policies in these two countries.
A review of Canada-Indonesia trade, aid and investment relations during the New Order era, 1967-83. It is a case study of how two middle-ranking powers have sought to define a meaningful economic relationship that recognizes similarities and complementarities, and the problems which they face in seeking to industrialize and find an expanding role in the rapidly changing and increasingly competitive Pacific basin economy. The twists and turns of Canadian foreign policy and the shifting requirements of Indonesia as a host country to foreign enterprise are outlined and analysed, and a prognosis is offered of how Indonesia might reconcile its dilemmas of development and what this might imply for its would-be partners in development such as Canada. An extensive bibliography of related writings is included as an appendix.
This book is the first on the history of the marine fisheries of Southeast Asia. It takes as its central theme the movement of fisheries into new fishing grounds, particularly the diverse ecosystems that make up the seas of Southeast Asia. This process accelerated between the 1950s and 1970s in what the author calls "e;the great fish race"e;. Catches soared as the population of the region grew, demand from Japan and North America for shrimps and tuna increased, and fishers adopted more efficient ways of locating, catching, and preserving fish. But the great fish race soon brought about the severe depletion of one fish population after another, while pollution and the destruction of mangroves and coral reefs degraded fish habitats. Today the relentless movement into new fishing grounds has come to an end, for there are no new fishing grounds to exploit. The frontier of fisheries has closed. The challenge now is to exploit the seas in ways that preserve the diversity of marine life while providing the people of the region with a source of food long into the future.
The past few decades have witnessed the emergence of a vast array of regional arrangements and institutions dealing with all aspects of ocean management. The level of cooperation ranges from minimal dispute avoidance to relatively comprehensive ocean governance at the regional level. As concrete examples, reasonably successful and comprehensive regional regimes have been created for the Baltic, the North, and the Mediterranean Seas and the South Pacific. And attempts at regional regime building are ongoing in Southeast Asia, the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. Although there are broad similarities between the semi-enclosed seas of Western Europe and Northeast Asia, no regional maritime...
The only quantitative deforestation study to focus on one country, this case analysis of the Philippines since 1946 yields more concrete data than previous cross-national studies. David Kummer's close examination of the interactions among political, economic, and cultural factors and their environmental consequences sheds light on similar situations in other countries.
Indonesia's great size and diversity and its history of regional dissension have made its struggle for national integration particularly complex. Christine Drake presents an informed and balanced picture of past and present developments in this struggle, offering readers a realistic assessment of the current status and future prospects of national integration in Indonesia. By addressing historical, political, social, and economic issues in conjunction with statistical analysis, Professor Drake argues that the spatial pattern of integration is far more complex than the commonly accepted core-periphery model of Indonesian integration and development. The author examines the effectiveness of Indonesian government policies in promoting national integration and concludes that in general they have led to greater national unity, although many serious problems remain.
The Ibaloi village of Kabayan Poblacion combines a subsistence agricultural economy with a market economy that has grown up as a result of subsequent waves of colonization. The Spanish arrived in the sixteenth century, following the trail of gold and slave-bearing Chinese trade junks, and were followed in 1898 by the Americans. The Ibaloi, who were gold miners and traders, cattle barons and vegetable producers, have since then come to be known as an Hispanicized uplands people, acculturated to Western ways and struggling to come to grips with new economic realities. This book examines the Ibaloi property system and demonstrates that the changes which have taken place since the Spanish arriva...