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Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease
This new volume on Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis discusses all relevant aspects of the biology, molecular biology, host-parasite interaction, epidemiology as well as diagnosis and treatment of these widespread parasites. It represents a useful guide for physicians, microbiologists, veterinarians and water professionals seeking advanced knowledge and guidance about these important parasitic pathogens. A section on practical lab procedures discusses step-by-step guidelines for sample preparation and lab procedures. The new book may further serve as a reference work for graduate students in medical and veterinary microbiology.
Cryptosporidium: From Molecules to Disease
In the relatively short period since Cryptosporidium was recognised as a human pathogen, and that it could be transmitted in water as well as directly between animals and people, it has been the subject of intense investigations. Its status as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in AIDS patients, and the lack of effective anti-cryptosporidial drugs have served to emphasise the public health importance of this organism. This has to some extent overshadowed the fact that Cryptosporidium is also an important pathogen of domestic animals and wildlife. In recent years, the application of molecular biology and culture techniques have had an enormous impact on our understanding of the aetiologica...
Inactivation of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Natural Waters Using Free Chlorine
Waterborne transmission of disease has been documented throughout history. One of the greatest contributions to 20% century society has been the advent and application of water treatment technologies. However, analysis of current World Health Organization (WHO) estimates of illness and mortality and epidemiological investigations in the United States still indicates that the threat to public health from waterborne disease still exists There are a plethora of contaminants (both chemical and microbiological) that impose a direct risk to public health in the United States. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reviews these contaminants and focuses its efforts upon the chemica...
Advancing Cryptosporidium Parvum Detection Methodologies
This study focused on ideal methods of detecting C. parvum oocysts which give low detection limits, specific and sensitive detection in concentraded samples, and differentiation of viable from non-viable oocysts; are usable by a water treatment facility and provide quantitative results within a few hours. Potential useful methods are continuous flow centrifugation, rel-time TaqMan PCR, cell culture inoculation followed by PCR of DNA extration, and FISH.
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium, in its various forms, is a widely recognised cause of outbreaks of waterborne disease. Regulatory bodies worldwide are increasingly requiring the development of "fit-for-purpose" detection methods for this protozoan parasite, but analysis is often problematic. Bringing together international academic and industry-based experts, this book provides a comprehensive review of the current state of analytical techniques for the detection of Cryptosporidium, as well as looking at likely future developments. In particular, the issues of species identification and oocyst viability are addressed. Quality assurance issues and potential problems associated with the new Cryptosporidium r...
Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis
From the microscopic observation of infection to the widespread application of molecular techniques in taxonomy and epidemiology, to the genome sequencing of two major species and advances in biochemistry, phylogeny, and water treatment, new information on this fascinating genus continues to mount as we discover and utilize the latest scientific te
Cryptosporidiosis and Microsporidiosis
Cryptosporidia and microsporidia are protozoan parasites that have emerged as human pathogens over the last two decades. With the coming of AIDS they have been recognised as important opportunistic pathogens of patients with an impaired host defence system. For both groups of pathogens, chemotherapeutic intervention is extremely limited. To date, cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis are severe and life-threatening opportunistic infections in AIDS patients and cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of diarrhea in infants and children in developing countries. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of the pathogens as well as the diagnosis and clinical aspects of the disease...
Cryptosporidium
This book encompasses broad aspects of Cryptosporidium research with established methods that have been improved and expanded over the years as well as recent cutting-edge techniques. Within this collection are numerous molecular methods as well as protocols for genotyping and diagnostics, while also including room for in vitro cell culture techniques to address the issues with growing this difficult organism continuously. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Cryptosporidium: Methods and Protocols serves as an idea guide to the inherent challenges of working with cryptosporidial parasites to provide a foundation for new investigators to build upon. The chapter “Accessing Cryptosporidium Omic and Isolate Data via CryptoDB.org” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Improved in Vitro Culture of Cryptosporidium parvum
The goal of this project was to investigate methods, which promote growth of Cryptosporidium (C.) parvum in culture. The researchers tested the assumption that improved survival of host cells enhances growth of C. parvum. Although certain modifications to the culture methodology improved host cell survival, enhancing host cell survival was not always accompanied by an increase in parasite density in the cell monolayer. Some cultures grown on collagen or laminin showed improved parasite growth. However, this effect was not consistent, indicating that other variables affect parasite growth. C. parvum was more prevalent in cells in the mitotic cycle than in non-dividing cells. This is consisten...
