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By the end of the 19th century both beaver species had been extirpated from large portions of their native ranges. The global decline in beaver populations was the direct re sult of exploitation by humans. Now, at the end of the 20th century, protection, manage ment, and reintroduction programs, coupled with a decline in the demand for beaver fur and other products, have allowed beaver populations to increase dramatically. Since bea vers actively modify their local environment their activities can conflict with human land use. Because of this, the beaver, once considered a unique and exotic component of wet lands, is now often considered a nuisance species. The history, as well as the curren...
Large predators are among the most threatened species on the planet and ways of conserving them in the face of increasing human populations and associated resource requirements are becoming critical. This book draws upon the experiences of some of the world’s foremost large carnivore specialists to discuss the numerous issues associated reintroducing large predators back into their natural habitats. Reviews of internationally renowned reintroduction programs for wolves, European lynx and African wild dog reveal the successes and failures of these actions. Experts on tigers, snow leopards and jaguars contend that there are other conservation options of higher priority that will ensure their security in the long-term. Other experts discuss more theoretical aspects such as whether we know enough about these species to be able to predict their behavioural or ecological response to the reintroduction process. Social, economic, political and genetic considerations are also addressed.
Carbon dioxide in the respired gases gives evidence of life processes and the adequacy of breathing. The amount and concentration of the gas in the breath can be measured and monitored with instruments called capnographs, which are used whenever and wherever the breathing of a patient might be affected by disease or treatment. The book deals not only with the clinical application of these devices but also with the basic physiology of the generation and transport of carbon dioxide in the body. A technical section describes how the instruments work and a unique section tells the history of capnography. Over 40 contributors cover these aspects in the book, which has been edited by three experts in the field.