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Identification of genes and regulators that are shared across T cell associated diseases
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of hundreds of diseases and millions of patients have led to the identification of genes that are associated with more than one disease. The aims of this PhD thesis were to a) identify a group of genes important in multiple diseases (shared disease genes), b) identify shared up-stream disease regulators, and c) determine how the same genes can be involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases. These aims have been tested on CD4+ T cells because they express the T helper cell differentiation pathway, which was the most enriched pathway in analyses of all disease associated genes identified with GWASs. Combining information about known gene-gene inte...
High Confidence Network Predictions from Big Biological Data
Biology functions in a most intriguing fashion, with human cells being regulated by multiplex networks of proteins and their dependent systems that control everything from proliferation to cell death. Notably, there are cases when these networks fail to function properly. In some diseases there are multiple small perturbations that push the otherwise healthy cells into a state of malfunction. These maladies are referred to as complex diseases, and include common disorders such as allergy, diabetes type II, and multiple sclerosis, and due to their complexity there is no universally defined approach to fully understand their pathogenesis or pathophysiology. While these perturbations can be mea...
Construction and utilization of digital twins for personalized therapeutic predictions
Modern healthcare faces a significant challenge, namely that 25-70% of patients with common diseases do not benefit from standard treatments despite the availability of over 13,000 drugs registered in DrugBank. This discrepancy is likely due to these diseases' complex and heterogeneous molecular nature rather than a lack of therapeutic options. Emerging technologies have revealed the immense molecular complexity underlying common diseases. For instance, singlecell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has demonstrated altered gene interactions in and across multiple cell types in numerous tissues. Furthermore, these technologies have revealed vast molecular differences between patients with the same di...
Effects of Pregnancy and Hormones on T cell Immune Regulation in Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a dysregulated immune system leading to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system. Despite increasing number of treatments, many patients continue to deteriorate. A better understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms involved in driving disease is a pre-requisite for finding new biomarkers and new treatment targets. The improvement of MS during pregnancy, comparable to the beneficial effects of the most effective treatment, suggests that the transient and physiological immune tolerance established during pregnancy could serve as a model for successful immune regulation. Most likely the immune-endocrine alterations that take place dur...
Dynamic regulation of DNA methylation in human T-cell biology
T helper cells play a central role in orchestrating immune responses in humans. Upon encountering a foreign antigen, T helper cells are activated followed by a differentiation process where the cells are specialised to help combating the infection. Dysregulation of T helper cell activation, differentiation and function has been implicated in numerous diseases, including autoimmunity and cancer. Whereas gene-regulatory networks help drive T-cell differentiation, acquisition of stable cell states require heritable epigenetic signals, such as DNA methylation. Indeed, the establishment of DNA methylation patterns is a key part of appropriate T-cell differentiation but how this is regulated over ...
Dijital Gelecek Dijital Dönüşüm-2
Bu eserde, birçok farklı alanda dijital dönüşüm ve dijital teknolojiler ele alınmış ve gerek literatür incelemeleri gerek güncel araştırma verileri ile dijital geleceğin resmi çizilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Machine Learning Algorithms and Applications in Engineering
Machine Learning (ML) is a sub field of artificial intelligence that uses soft computing and algorithms to enable computers to learn on their own and identify patterns in observed data, build models that explain the world, and predict things without having explicit pre-programmed rules and models. This book discusses various applications of ML in engineering fields and the use of ML algorithms in solving challenging engineering problems ranging from biomedical, transport, supply chain and logistics, to manufacturing and industrial. Through numerous case studies, it will assist researchers and practitioners in selecting the correct options and strategies for managing organizational tasks.
Datenzugangsregeln
Der stetige Ausbau neuer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien erhöht den gesellschaftsweiten »Datenhunger« – man denke nur an Trainingsdaten für KI-Anwendungen. Die Frage danach, wer den Zugang zu Daten erlaubt und welche Regeln insoweit zu beachten sind, ist deshalb von essentieller sozialer Bedeutung. Sind Daten überhaupt ein rechtlich geschütztes Gut, und wenn ja, wessen? Welche Konsequenzen hat das für Zugangsvorgaben? Herkömmlicherweise werden Datenzugangsregeln meist mit individueller Kontrollkompetenz, nur in Teilbereichen auch mit übergeordneten Interessen begründet. Angesichts drohender Überforderung und hieraus resultierender Datenunterversorgung untersuchen die Beiträge dieses Bandes aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven, ob ein solches, stark subjektbezogenes Regelungsmodell theoretisch überzeugend ist und welche praxisgerechten Alternativlösungen denkbar sind. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
Introduction to Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics
This book attempts to cover the fascinating field of physics of relativistic heavy ions, mainly from the experimentalist's point of view. After the introductory chapter on quantum chromodynamics, basic properties of atomic nuclei, sources of relativistic nuclei, and typical detector set-ups are described in three subsequent chapters. Experimental facts on collisions of relativistic heavy ions are systematically presented in 15 consecutive chapters, starting from the simplest features like cross sections, multiplicities, and spectra of secondary particles and going to more involved characteristics like correlations, various relatively rare processes, and newly discovered features: collective ...
Applied Nanotechnology
This important book presents a collection of scientific papers on recent theoretical and practical advances in nanostructures, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies. Highlighting some of the latest developments and trends in the field, the volume presents the developments of advanced nanostructured materials and the respective tools to characterize and predict their properties and behavior.
