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Practical Guide to Chemical Safety Testing
Annotation This book describes the different tests that must be performed on new chemicals and other materials to demonstrate to the regulatory authorities that they are safe for use. Tests vary from physico-chemical, measuring properties such as melting point and density, through genetic toxicity studies, to mammalian toxicology and studies to investigate effects on the environment. This book describes clearly the process of obtaining approval for use in a variety of global regions and across different applications. It also explains why different tests are performed and the implications of the results.
New EU Regulation of Chemicals
REACH - Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals - will place a duty on companies that manufacture, import and use chemicals in the EU to assess the risks arising from their use and manage any risks identified. With industry concerns about the cost of compliance in terms of testing, in-house management, and scientific and regulatory advice and consultancy, this Rapra Review Report presents the essential details of the objectives and timescales involved with the legislation.The objective of the new legislation is to ensure a high level of protection for human health and the environment whilst maintaining an efficient internal market and innovation and competitiveness in the chemical industry. The author covers the main points, with abstracts from the Polymer Library identifying the sources for further reading on this subject.
Regulation of Food Packaging in Europe and the USA
Annotation A wide variety of plastics are used in food-contact applications and it is important that such plastics do not affect the food with which they come into contact. The objective of food packaging legislation is to protect the consumer by controlling the contamination of food by chemicals transferred from the packaging. Food packaging regulations are constantly under revision, and differ significantly between Europe and the USA. This report provides a clearly written summary of the current legislation surrounding the use of plastics in contact with food. It discusses the plastics used in food packaging, their characteristics and applications. This review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database.
The Biocides Business
Biocides are products which control harmful organisms by chemical or biological means. They protect health, improve product performance and prevent spoilage, and are increasingly important to modern life, as consumers demand safe, long-lasting and effective products from cosmetics to paints, and from drinking water to swimming pools. The worldwide market for biocides is approximately $4 billion annually, and it is growing at up to 40er annum. The industry is highly segmented and has a wide range of distribution channels. These markets are generally mature although over-the-counter biocides for home use have commercial characteristics similar to other fast-moving consumer goods. Biocides are ...
Series on Emission Scenario Documents Wood Preservatives
This Emission Scenario Document (ESD) presents an approach to estimate the emissions of substances used in wood preservatives (EU Product Type 8) from two stages of their life cycle: 1) application and storage of treated
Polymer Processing with Supercritical Fluids
SCFs are currently the subjects of intense research and commercial interest. Applications such as the RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions) process are part of standard industrial practice. In view of their ever-growing importance in the polymer industry there is a need to fully comprehend how supercritical fluids interrelate with polymeric materials to realise the potential that can be gained from their use. The authors review the basic principles of SCFs and their application within the polymer industry: characteristics and properties, extraction of unwanted residual products, polymerisation solvents, and polymer impregnation. Processing applications such as plasticisation, foaming and blending are also considered. There is discussion of the potential within the polymer recycling industry for use of SCFs as cleaning agents or within supercritical oxidation processes. Around 400 references with abstracts from recent global literature accompany this review, sourced from the Polymer Library, to facilitate further reading. A subject index and a company index are included.
Chemical Safety
How safe is safe enough? We live in a world that is totally dependent on chemicals, be they agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, colorants - it is vitally important that we adopt a sustainable strategy for an environment containing some 11 million chemicals. This book provides a pragmatic guide to the basic tools of chemical safety assessment, from information retrieval, through hazard and risk assessment to safety evaluation and legal aspects. It is truly global in coverage with contributors drawn from East and West, North and South. It covers natural and artificial hazards to the environment, including the potentially catastrophic effects of modern warfare, and encompasses pollution of air, water and soil as well as occupational exposure to chemicals. Everyone with a professional interest in pollution control will find this an invaluable source of information - chemists, environmental scientists, chemical engineers, political scientists, toxicologists, ecotoxicologists, in industry, academia, government departments and international agencies - all will be guided and challenged by the wealth of knowledge it contains.
Alternatives To Animal Testing
Animal experimentation has long been a controversial issue with impassioned arguments on both sides of the debate. Increasingly it has become more expedient and feasible to develop new methods that avoid the use of animals. There is agreement on both sides that reduction and refinement of experiments on animals should be an important goal for the industries involved. Alternatives to Animal Testing, written by leading experts in the field, discusses the issues involved and approaches that can be taken. Topics include; the safety evaluation of chemicals, international validation and barriers to the validation of alternative tests, in vitro testing for endocrine disruptors, intelligent approaches to safety evaluation of chemicals, alternative tests and the regulatory framework. The book provides an up-to-date discussion of the current state of development of alternatives to animal testing and is ideal for professionals and academics in the field. It would also be of use for graduate students wishing to pursue a career in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Risk reduction
Concerned with the need to reduce chemical risks, this text also covers related biological and physical risks. Risk reduction has an important economic role, not least in developing countries. Many of the contributors are from develping countries and indicate the problems and some of the solutions their countries will need to adopt during their process of reconstruction, development and recovery. The text discusses the decision-making process involving the political, socioeconomic, engineering, and natural sciences so as to develop, analyze and compare regulatory options. It considers how such measured decision making enables the selection of optimal responses to achieve safety from perceived hazards.
Chaucer's Knight's Tale
As the first of the Canterbury Tales, the Knight's Tale has been the subject of a vast body of comment by scholars and lay readers. Monica McAlpine provides access to this material in the first of the Chaucer Bibliographies series to deal with a narrative portion of that author's best-known work.
