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Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis of Human Disease
Viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites are known to cause the most common human disease. It frequently spreads through direct contact (from human to human, animal to human), and through contaminated food or water. With the advancement of diagnostic techniques, it is now possible to rapidly identify microorganisms causing human disease and correlate with the corresponding clinical infection. Therefore, there is a need to develop robust and high-throughput diagnostic methods to prevent and control human disease of public health importance. This book entitled “Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis of Human Disease” will help the scientific community to better understand the transmission dynamics of some human diseases.
Crop Traits for Defense Against Pests and Disease: Durability, Breakdown and Future Prospects, 2nd Edition
With global populations expected to exceed 9.2 billion by 2050 and available land and water resources devoted to crop production dwindling, we face significant challenges to secure global food security. Only 12 plant species feed 80% of the world’s population, with just three crop species (wheat, rice and maize) accounting for food consumed by 50% of the global population. Annual losses to crop pests and pathogens are significant, thought to be equivalent to that required to feed a billion people, at a time when crop productivity has plateaued. With pesticide applications becoming increasingly unfeasible on cost, efficacy and environmental grounds, there is growing interest in exploiting p...
Tea in Health and Disease
Tea, made from the leaves of the Camellia senenisis plant, is the second most consumed beverage worldwide after water. Accumulating evidence from cellular, animal, epidemiological and clinical studies have linked tea consumption to various health benefits, such as chemoprevention of cancers, chronic inflammation, heart and liver diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Although such health benefits have not been consistently observed in some intervention trials, positive results from clinical trials have provided direct evidence supporting the cancer-protective effect of green tea. In addition, numerous mechanisms of action have been suggested to contribute to tea’s disease-preventive effects. Furthermore, effects of the processing and storage of tea, as well as additives on tea’s properties have been investigated.
Communication and Community Engagement in Disease Outbreaks
This book provides readers with a critical, conceptual and applied understanding of the role of communication and community engagement for disease outbreak preparedness and response. Until the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, for several years public health authorities and influential voices in the international public health community have warned of a pandemic and therefore a need to strengthen governments and communities’ ability to prevent and respond to it effectively to minimize its impact on lives and economies. While investments have focused on clinical, diagnostic, and vaccine research, preventing and minimizing the impact of disease outbreaks requires a wider so...
Hansen's Disease
Sudden changes in immunemediated response to Mycobacterium leprae antigen are referred to as leprosy reactions. The reactions manifest as acute inflammatory episodes rather than chronic infectious course. There are mainly two types of leprosy reactions. Type 1 reaction is associated with cellular immunity and particularly with the reaction of T helper 1 (Th1) cells to mycobacterial antigens. This reaction involves exacerbation of old lesions leading to the erythematous appearance. Type 2 reaction or erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is associated with humoral immunity. It is characterized by systemic symptoms along with new erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Metabolic Aspects of Chronic Liver Disease
This book discusses in detail new aspects of the metabolic basis of important chronic liver diseases. Entities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (fatty liver and Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis -- NASH), diabeties in chronic hepetitis C, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, Gaucher disease, porphyria, as well as liver cirrhosis and its metabolic consequences will be discussed in detail. These clinical conditions are highly prevalent and affect millions of patients in the USA and world-wide. For example, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in the general population. This field has been practically transformed over the last few years, with many new insights gained, regarding both pathogenesis and effective novel treatments.
Clinical Applications of Biomolecules in Disease Diagnosis
This textbook introduces the clinical applications of biomolecules in disease diagnosis, covering a range of topics in biochemistry. The book discusses carbohydrate and protein metabolism abnormalities, lipid digestion and absorption defects, disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and the chemistry and biological roles of water- and fat-soluble vitamins. It also covers the roles of different macroelements and essential trace elements in physiological processes and the prevention of chronic diseases. The final chapter focuses on recent developments in our understanding of the role of enzymes in disease development and diagnosis. The book chapter also explores the causes and effects of free radicals in the body, including oxidative stress and diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the chapter discusses cancer development, causes, diagnosis methods, biomarkers, and current treatments such as targeted drug therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. This book is a useful resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and practitioners in biochemistry, medicine, and health sciences.
Nutraceuticals and the Skin: Roles in Health and Disease
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Nutraceuticals and the Skin: Roles in Health and Disease" that was published in Nutrients
Exploring the Nutrition and Health Benefits of Functional Foods
Health and nutrition have become global focal points as the population continues to grow exponentially. While providing food for the global population is crucial, it is also necessary to provide options that are nutritious in order to promote healthier lifestyles around the world. Exploring the Nutrition and Health Benefits of Functional Foods provides a comprehensive overview of how dietary nutrition can impact people’s lives, prevent disease, and maintain an overall healthier lifestyle. Highlighting theoretical and practical attributes of different functional foods and how they are utilized globally, this book is an essential reference for researchers, academics, students, policy makers, government officials, and technology developers.
