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The remarkable scientific story of how Earth became an oxygenated planet The air we breathe is twenty-one percent oxygen, an amount higher than on any other known world. While we may take our air for granted, Earth was not always an oxygenated planet. How did it come to be this way? Donald Canfield covers this vast history, emphasizing its relationship to the evolution of life and the evolving chemistry of Earth. He guides readers through the various lines of scientific evidence, considers some of the wrong turns and dead ends along the way, and highlights the scientists and researchers who have made key discoveries in the field. Now with an incisive new preface by the author, Oxygen takes readers on an astonishing journey of discovery, telling the story of how our planet became oxygenated.
2012 PROSE Award, Earth Science: Honorable Mention For more than fifty years scientists have been concerned with the interrelationships of Earth and life. Over the past decade, however, geobiology, the name given to this interdisciplinary endeavour, has emerged as an exciting and rapidly expanding field, fuelled by advances in molecular phylogeny, a new microbial ecology made possible by the molecular revolution, increasingly sophisticated new techniques for imaging and determining chemical compositions of solids on nanometer scales, the development of non-traditional stable isotope analyses, Earth systems science and Earth system history, and accelerating exploration of other planets within...
Animal law is a growing discipline, as is animal ethics. In this wide-ranging book, scholars from around the world address the intersections between the two. Specifically, this collection focuses on pressing moral issues and how law can protect animals from cruelty and abuse. A project of the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, the book is edited by the Oxford Centre’s directors, Andrew Linzey and Clair Linzey, and features contributions from many of its fellows. Divided into three sections, the work explores historical perspectives and ethical–legal issues such as “personhood” and “property” before focusing on five practical case studies. The volume introduces readers to the interweaving between these subjects and should act as a spur to further interdisciplinary work.
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Biology Related to Environmental Studies explores the intersection of biology and ecology, focusing on how species interact with their environment and the impact of human activities on ecosystems. The book addresses critical environmental challenges such as air and water pollution, deforestation, biodiversity loss, soil degradation, resource depletion, climate change, and genetically modified organisms. These pressing issues, intensified by industrialization and urbanization, threaten global ecosystems and require urgent solutions. This book provides a clear understanding of fundamental ecological principles, environmental monitoring processes, and innovative methods for addressing current environmental problems. It emphasizes the importance of conservation, restoration, and the role of environmental biologists in preserving wildlife and assessing human impacts on nature. With a progressive approach, it integrates concepts of evolution, ecology, and sustainability, equipping students with the knowledge and tools to contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development.
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In this groundbreaking new study, Lowell Nissen explores the use of teleological language in the study of subjects such as behaviorism, negative feedback, and natural selection. He argues that all existing analyses fail to explain how teleological language can be used legitimately, and provides his own analysis in terms of intentionality.