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The causes of the climate change issue can be traced back to the Industrial Revolution. While there is an argument that global climate change does not actually exist and that global warming and cooling occur periodically within the Earth’s natural balance, prevailing scientific viewpoints assert that climate change is an immutable reality and will worsen in the coming years if no preventive measures are taken. Our study is based on the assumptions that global climate change exists and is human-induced. Climate change is a natural phenomenon that has always existed on Earth, occurring for millions of years. The long-term geological variations in the Earth’s climate represent natural clima...
A collection of original articles by various authors. Includes bibliographical references and index.
The Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) annual reports have presented an economic freedom index for a large set of nations around the world. This index is designed to measure the degree to which a nation's policies and institutions protect its citizens' economic freedom. In this article, we explain the basic methodology employed in constructing the index and summarize the study's findings. Many factors influence the degree of economic freedom. Although no single statistic can capture all of them and their interrelations fully, the index presented here captures most of the important elements and provides a reasonably good measure of cross-country differences in economic freedom. The identification of these differences has been useful for researchers interested in the relationship between economic freedom and other economic variables such as income, economic growth, income equity, and environmental quality. To date, dozens of scholarly articles and hundreds of policy and journalistic reports have made use of the index.
In The Swedish Experiment Assar Lindbeck characterizes the economic and social system in Sweden in terms of a number of institutional features by which Sweden has differed from most other developed countries. They refer mainly to the division of responsibilities between the private and the government sector, in particular with respect to economic security, employment, income distribution, consumption and investment. The book concludes by asking whether the Swedish experiment is gradually unwinding and, if so, why. The Swedish Experiment is written in a nontechnical fashion and should be of great interest not only to professional economists, but also to students of economics and other social sciences as well as to general readers.
This book examines how agricultural innovation arises in four African countries ? Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda ? through the lens of agribusiness, public policies, and specific value chains for food staples, high value products, and livestock.
A complete course in applied macroeconomics at the intermediate level that emphasizes the application of economic theory to real-world data and policy.
House prices in Europe have shown diverging trends, and this paper seeks to explain these differences by analyzing three groups of countries: the "fast lane", the average performers, and the slow movers. Price movements in the first two groups are found to be driven mostly by income and trends in user costs, and housing markets in these countries seem relatively more susceptible to adverse developments in fundamentals. Real house price declines among the slow movers are harder to explain, although ample supply, low home ownership, and less complete mortgage markets are likely factors. The impact of macroeconomic, prudential and structural policies on housing markets can be large and should be a factor in policy decisions.