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DENTAL OCCLUSION
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Amide Bond Activation
The amide bond represents a privileged motif in chemistry. The recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the development of new chemical transformations of amides. These developments cover an impressive range of catalytic N–C bond activation in electrophilic, Lewis acid, radical, and nucleophilic reaction pathways, among other transformations. Equally relevant are structural and theoretical studies that provide the basis for chemoselective manipulation of amidic resonance. This monograph on amide bonds offers a broad survey of recent advances in activation of amides and addresses various approaches in the field.
(Circular E), Employer's Tax Guide - Publication 15 (For Use in 2021)
Employer's Tax Guide (Circular E) - The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA), enacted on March 18, 2020, and amended by the COVID-related Tax Relief Act of 2020, provides certain employers with tax credits that reimburse them for the cost of providing paid sick and family leave wages to their employees for leave related to COVID‐19. Qualified sick and family leave wages and the related credits for qualified sick and family leave wages are only reported on employment tax returns with respect to wages paid for leave taken in quarters beginning after March 31, 2020, and before April 1, 2021, unless extended by future legislation. If you paid qualified sick and family leave wages in 2021 for 2020 leave, you will claim the credit on your 2021 employment tax return. Under the FFCRA, certain employers with fewer than 500 employees provide paid sick and fam-ily leave to employees unable to work or telework. The FFCRA required such employers to provide leave to such employees after March 31, 2020, and before January 1, 2021. Publication 15 (For use in 2021)
LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS
Lingual orthodontics can correct most orthodontics problem that can be treated by conventional labial technique include malposition of teeth, anteroposterior discrepancies and pre-prosthetic surgical cases. This system consists of specially designed brackets which is suitable to be placed in the lingual surface of the tooth. The adult patients segment has higher resistance in committing to orthodontic treatments as opposed to younger patients. With the increasing number of adult patients in orthodontic practices, the lingual orthodontic treatment has become a treatment of choice due to its aesthetic appeal for most adults. As the numbers of adult patients who seeking orthodontic treatment are increasing rapidly, the demand of aesthetic orthodontics has been increased, many appliances have been introduced to the market. The ultimate of which are appliances bonded to the lingual surfaces of the teeth.
Lasers in Endodontics
This book offers up-to-date information on all aspects of the use of lasers in endodontics, focusing especially on the various laser applications, including primary and permanent root canal therapies, retreatments, apical surgery and pulp therapy. Every laser technique used in endodontics is carefully described and illustrated, with detailed coverage of both conventional methods and more recent developments such as laser-activated irrigation and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming. In addition, a separate section addresses the basic science of laser dentistry, explaining the physics, describing laser–tissue interactions, and discussing different types of laser. Extensive reference is made to the international literature in order to provide the reader with a clear, evidence-based understanding of the merits of various approaches. In offering a balanced mix of descriptions of clinical applications, clinical data, scientific research and logical criticism, the book will serve as an excellent reference for a wide audience comprising general dentists as well as specialists.
NUTRITION AND ORAL HEALTH
Nutrition is an important modifiable parameter, which can have a major impact on oral health. Poor nutritional status can adversely affect oral health and poor oral health can influence dietary intake and subsequently lead to malnutrition and oral health can play a crucial role in maintaining good nutrition. Interdisciplinary teams of general practitioners, dentist, nurses and dieticians working together can help assure that patients maintain good oral health status and adequate nutrition are maintained. To maintain health, the human body needs daily nourishment in the form of carbohydrates, proteins and minerals. The associations between oral health conditions, dietary practices and nutriti...
Forensic Odontology
Forensic dentistry primarily deals with identification, based on recognition of unique features present in individual’s dental structures. It plays a major role in identification in man-made or natural disasters –events that result in multiple fatalities that may not be identifiable through conventional methods such as fingerprints. The importance of teeth for identification is because of their highly mineralized composition, which makes them resistant to the influences of the external environment. With increasing awareness among general public of legal issues surrounding health care, in forensic purposes, and with the worrying rise in malpractice of insurance claim cases, a thorough kno...
