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Operational overview. Villages and communities. Field sample selection. Village-based activities. First community meeting. Community landscape mapping. Selecting local informants. Community-based data collections. Field-based activities. Site, vegetation and trees. Plants and site - ethnoecological data. Soil assessment. Data control and management. Plant taxonomy and verification. Database. Conclusiones.
Fifteen years ago, approximately half the world population was estimated to live in continental and insular South-East Asia (Burma, Thailand, Kampuchea, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines). Then the region had a population growth of four million people every month, and the problem of malnutrition was acute for the rural population. International agricultural development organisations decided that their primary aim would be to double existing levels of agricultural production and, taking account of population growth, to double it again by the end of the century (Whyte 1976). Today, while global issues have greatly affected the parameters of the problem, the situation remains both serious a...
The Jakarta Geopolitical Forum VI 2022 hosted by Lemhannas RI (The National Resilence Institute of the Republic of Indonesia) on 24-25 August 2022 specified to focus on geopolitical matters as the implementation of critical thinking and the development of new ideas and strategic thinking which are the annual routine of The The National Resilence Institute of the Republic of Indonesia based on its main tasks and functions as The School of Geopolitics. The Security game power and global economic powerhouse in on-going hegemonic transition will have an impact on possible changes in the international order. Maritime will be the dominant competition arena, with dynaics that are challenging to tak...
The rising tide of globalization poses a direct threat to the viability of small communities worldwide. Such communities, however, are our greatest hope for sustainable environmental governance, as they possess unparalleled ability to directly manage common-pool resources. Providing a much needed antidote in this age of globalization, this volume advances the idea of collaborative governance as an integration of open and closed commons. Taking into consideration the dimension of conflict resolution, it studies examples of governance structures in various countries around the world to develop a new type of democracy towards multilevel environmental governance that involves the public, private, and commons spheres. With contributions from researchers in a wide variety of disciplines, this volume demonstrates through institutional and empirical analyses the essential role of local commons in providing an axis of resistance to increasing environmental devastation and social inequality towards creating a sustainable future for local communities as well as society at large.