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This book offers a historical analysis of one of the most striking and dramatic transformations to take place in Brazil and the United States during the twentieth century—the redefinition of the concepts of nation and democracy in racial terms. The multilateral political debates that occurred between 1930 and 1945 pushed and pulled both states towards more racially inclusive political ideals and nationalisms. Both countries utilized cultural production to transmit these racial political messages. At times working collaboratively, Brazilian and U.S. officials deployed the concept of “racial democracy” as a national security strategy, one meant to suppress the existential threats perceived to be posed by World War II and by the political agendas of communists, fascists, and blacks. Consequently, official racial democracy was limited in its ability to address racial inequities in the United States and Brazil. Shifting the Meaning of Democracy helps to explain the historical roots of a contemporary phenomenon: the coexistence of widespread antiracist ideals with enduring racial inequality.
The Nazi Party and the German Communities Abroad examines the German Nazi Party’s actions around the world in the 1930s and 1940s. The book particularly focuses in on the formation and development of the Auslandsorganization der NSDAP (AO) (Nazi Party/Foreign Organization), the party branch charged with the task of connecting with foreign fascist movements and, especially with Germans living abroad. The authors follow the creation of the AO and its development in Germany, along with its actions throughout the world, including Europe, Asia, Africa and North America, before finally focusing on Latin America. The Latin American case is then presented in both general and particular aspects, including countries such as Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Mexico and Colombia. The study draws on many primary sources and is extensively referenced; an index with 700 references related to the action of Nazism in the American continent is presented, including the American and Canadian cases. This volume will be of interest to researchers of the history of Nazism and Latin America.
This edited collection explores the historical determinants of the rise of mass schooling and human capital accumulation based on a global, long-run perspective, focusing on a variety of countries in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa and the Americas. The authors analyze the increasing importance attached to globalization as a factor in how social, institutional and economic change shapes national and regional educational trends. Although recent research in economic history has increasingly devoted more attention to global forces in shaping the institutions and fortunes of different world regions, the link and contrast between national education policies and the forces of globalization r...
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Este estudo investiga a trajetória da idéia de uma conspiração judaica, sua inserção e desdobramentos no imaginário da elite intelectual e política brasileira tendo como referência a sua produção literária e a utilização do mito conspirativo enquanto dispositivo do poder em 1937. O embrião deste fenômeno foi identificado no discurso católico do início do século XX, mais especificamente, a partir de 1907, com a publicação da revista Vozes de Petrópolis, editada pela Ordem dos Franciscanos. Intelectuais leigos e religiosos acreditavam na imprensa enquanto instrumento de combate às idéias contrárias aos interesses católicos. Uma construção associativa estabelecia os ...