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It is not uncommon for elected politicians to be passionate--and to passionately dislike opponents from the other side of the aisle. Yet however much they dislike their opponents, there is a baseline expectation that any fighting will be verbal only. As Emily Bacchus and Nathan Batto demonstrate in Making Punches Count, physical fights on the floors of legislatures are an all too common feature of politics in democracies around the world.
In Outlaw Paradise, the author argues that countries become tax havens as a conscious economic development strategy. These countries do not have the natural resources or the population to pursue more traditional economic development strategies, but they do have the ability to write and implement laws that create a virtual resource: banking secrecy. These countries are able to carry out this strategy because they tend to be well-governed, stable, and relatively wealthy, making them attractive partners for the international banking, legal, and accounting firms that drive offshore finance. The qualities tax havens possess also enable them to calculate that the benefits they reap from pursuing t...
Given the enormous challenges they face, why do so many citizens in developing countries routinely turn out to vote? This Element explores a new explanation grounded in the social origins of electoral participation in emerging democracies, where mobilization requires local collective action. This Element argues that, beyond incentives to express ethnic identity and vote-buying, perceptions of social sanctioning from community-based formal and informal actors galvanize many to vote who might otherwise stay home. Sanctioning is reinforced by the ability to monitor individual turnout given the open layout and centralized locations of polling stations and the use of electoral ink that identifies voters. This argument is tested using original survey and qualitative data from Africa and Afghanistan, contributing important insights on the nature of campaigns and elections in the promotion of state-building and service delivery, and the critical role voters play reducing fears of global democratic backsliding.
Comparing regional human rights courts in Europe and the Americas, Haglund examines conditions under which regional courts deter rights abuses.
This Element examines citizens' perceptions, their knowledge of the system, and whether they support it. The authors connect this with information on citizens' reported turnout and vote choice to assess who is affected by mandatory voting. Each country has its own set of rules, and most voters are unaware of how they are enforced.
Scandal and Corruption in Congress guides readers through the history of corruption in Congress, exploring policies outlawing corruption, attempts to hide unethical behaviour, getting caught, the repercussions of getting caught, and how corruption in the U.S. compares to corruption in other nations.
Ballots and voting devices are fundamental tools in the electoral process. Despite their importance, scholars have paid little attention to the broader implications of voting procedures. In this Element, the authors contend that ballots have significant implications for democratic representation, as they affect the cost associated with voting for citizens and electioneering for elites. This Element explains how ballot designs affect the behavior of voters, the performance of candidates, and the strategies of parties. It shows how voting procedures structure the likelihood of vote splitting and ballot roll-off. This in turn has implications for candidates. Focusing on gender and experience, this Element shows how ballot form alters the salience of personal vote earning attributes. With respect to political parties, ballot structure can shift both the cost, strategies, and ultimately electoral fortunes of political parties. Finally, it discusses the profound implications ballot forms have for party campaigns and election outcomes.
Providing an authoritative global overview of theoretical and empirical research in the field, this Handbook explores the complex relationship between gender and corruption in democracies. Through an analysis of the gendered dynamics of corruption across institutions, it advances understanding of both its causes and consequences.
Understanding who participates in politics and in which kinds of activities is central to understanding how democracies work. This book offers the first large-scale empirical analysis of political participation in 18 Latin American countries, with a focus on understanding the political behavior of the region's poorest citizens. Poor people in Latin America vote, protest and contact government officials at surprisingly high levels, approaching or exceeding levels of activism of individuals with significantly more resources and schooling. To explain this puzzling finding, we argue that key institutions of democracy including civil society, political parties, and competitive party systems are especially important for understanding the activism of poorer citizens and, as a result, have profound effects on inequalities in political participation.
This character has behaved like a pariah toward his brother and his mother who never really controlled him, even since his early childhood. He was sent to military college and then to university, and not having good grades or SATs, he asked for help from a friend named Shapiro as well as his sister, who corrected his grades and SATs. This was the beginning of his cheating life. Later in business, in the sixties, with the help of his mentor, Roy Cohn, he learned how to defraud the government and the city of New York by not paying his taxes. Between the years 1970 to 2000, he made panoply of fraudulent bankruptcies in many different ways. Also, he did not pay his employees who were mostly undo...