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Child Labor and the Transition Between School and Work
Contains fresh knowledge to help understand the relationship between child labor and the transition between school and work. This title includes papers that offer insights and answers to issues such as: how to measure child labor; how child labor and schooling affect health; and, how children's time is allocated along gender lines.
Product Market Integration and Household Labor Supply in a Poor Economy
This report considers how product market integration in a country's primary agricultural export alters the economic activities of men and women in a poor economy. Between 1993 and 1997, Vietnam relaxed its rice export quota and freed internal restrictions on the trade of rice across regions. These reforms contributed to an almost 30 percent increase in the real price of rice. Using a panel of rural Vietnamese communities that spans the period of policy change, the authors relate the regional and intertemporal variation in the price of rice to changes in the economic activities of children, young adults, and adults by gender. They find that higher rice prices are associated with lower participation in wage work by boys, girls, and young adults, and lower participation in household production by adults. Moreover, higher rice prices are associated with less time devoted to household production for all age groups and adults devoting more hours to wage work. Finally, with the exception of children, labor market responses to changes in rice prices mostly do not differ statistically for males and females.
Child Labour
Child labour constitutes a major public health concern, with estimates that world-wide 110 million children aged 5-14 years are engaged in labour that can be described as hazardous or intolerable. This book examines both the rights oriented and public health perspectives on child labour. A rights approach ensures that exploitative and abusive work is considered not just in terms of a labour market or health rights approach, but also in terms of human dignity and the solutions that preserve the rights of children and communities. The public health approach is steeped in the relationship between individuals and their community, seeking to identify how the presence (or absence) of government pr...
Evaluating Anti-poverty Programs
"The author critically reviews the methods available for the ex-post counterfactual analysis of programs that are assigned exclusively to individuals, households, or locations. The discussion covers both experimental and non-experimental methods (including propensity-score matching, discontinuity designs, double and triple differences, and instrumental variables). Two main lessons emerge. First, despite the claims of advocates, no single method dominates; rigorous, policy-relevant evaluations should be open-minded about methodology. Second, future efforts to draw more useful lessons from evaluations will call for more policy-relevant measures and deeper explanations of measured impacts than are possible from the classic ("black box") assessment of mean impact. " -- Cover verso.
International Handbook on the Economics of Migration
ŠThis is an extremely impressive volume which guides readers into thinking about migration in new ways. In its various chapters, international experts examine contemporary migration issues through a multitude of lenses ranging from child labor, human t
Child Labor
In recent years, there has been an astonishing proliferation of empirical work on child labor. An Econlit search of keywords "child lab*r" reveals a total of 6 peer reviewed journal articles between 1980 and 1990, 65 between 1990 and 2000, and 143 in the first five years of the present decade. The purpose of this essay is to provide a detailed overview of the state of the recent empirical literature on why and how children work as well as the consequences of that work. Section 1 defines terms commonly used in the study of child time allocation and provides a descriptive overview of how children spend their time in low income countries today. Section 2 reviews the case for attention to the mo...
Is Atheism Dead?
In a literary showdown with the Four Horsemen of the New Atheism--Christopher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, and Sam Harris--Metaxas neatly skewers them with their own swords. Along the way he presents breathtaking evidence from the fields of archaeology, nanoscience, and quantum physics that overwhelmingly confirms the accounts of creation in the ancient Hebrew scriptures. He also spotlights the stories of some of the best scientists of the last century--and former leading atheists--whose scholarship and intellectual honesty eventually led them to faith in the very creator they once assured the world did not exist
Approaches to Reducing the Use of Forced or Child Labor
Globally, child labor and forced labor are widespread and complex problems. They are conceptually different phenomena, requiring different policy responses, though they may also overlap in practice. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) was designed to reduce the use of child and forced labor in the production of goods consumed in the United States. The Act was reauthorized in 2003, 2005, and 2008. In response to provisions of TVPA, the the Bureau of International Labor Affairs requested that the National Research Council organize a two-day workshop. The workshop, summarized in this volume, discusses methods for identifying and organizing a standard set of practices that will reduce the likelihood that persons will use forced labor or child labor to produce goods, with a focus on business and governmental practices.
International Trade and Child Labor
"We explore the relationship between greater exposure to trade (as measured by openness) and child labor in a cross country setting. Our methodology accounts for the fact that trade flows are endogenous to child labor (and labor standards more generally) by examining the relationship between child labor and variation in trade based on geography. We find that countries that trade more have less child labor. At the cross-country means, the data suggest an openness elasticity of child labor of -0.7. For low-income countries, the elasticity of child labor with respect to trade with high income countries is -0.9. However, these relationships appear to be largely attributable to the positive assoc...
