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L'intérêt de ce modeste album est de mettre en regard une vingtaine de légendes et une cinquantaine de reproductions de sculpture qui s'éclairent les unes les autres et nous instruisent sur la culture inuit. [SDM].
After a discussion of the place of material culture studies in modern anthropology, the author shows the continuity of the Caribou Inuit kayak form from the Birnik culture. The reconstruction of general kayak development is given in detail as well as a thorough coverage of construction and use of the kayak.
Across the vast expanse of northern lands from eastern Siberia to Greenland, Aboriginal peoples created fifty to sixty different models of kayaks. This book treats Canada’s share of this spectrum, which is broken down into three kayak groups: Mackenzie, Central Canadian and East Canadian. This is an initial survey of the history and construction of kayaks in the Canadian Arctic.
This last segment of the Sapir-Thomas Nootka texts includes three first-hand accounts of the Tlkwa:na, or Wolf Ritual, a principal ceremony of the Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations of the West Coast of Vancouver Island. The ritual, which takes several days to enact, is described in detail, from the howling of the “Wolves” in human form, to the abduction of children to their forest lair and the return of these initiates to perform newly learned dances. Also included are Sapir’s field record of a Tlkwa:na of 1910; his correspondence with his chief interpreters Alex Thomas and Frank Williams; and autobiographical stories by Alex Thomas.
Nuu-chah-nulth “family histories” are actually tribal histories since their idea of family encompasses the tribe. Eighteen such histories are presented here, chronicling the origins and resources of a number of tribal families. In lieu of written records, these oral traditions stood as Nuu-chah-nulth history and were recited formally in public on ceremonial occasions. Several accounts give long lists of foods. Others describe the acquisition of important technological advances, such as a salmon trap. Half of the texts are short, focusing on a particular item like a mask or a house decoration. One text lists hundreds of Nuu-chah-nulth place names given mythically by Swan Women to the Port Alberni region, which was previously Salish in population and language. Generally, these histories explain how the world came to be and set forth family claims to material and spiritual resources. Each account belonged to the family, which had the exclusive right to tell it publicly. Summary outlines are provided in the introduction.
Daily Life and history of the Nootka and Makah Tribes.
The history, evolution and use of cooking pots from diverse places, such as Syria, Papua New Guinea, China and Spain are discussed.
Two studies in salvage ethnology are detailed, one focusing on Barkley Sound peoples and their territories, the other on peoples to the southeast of Barkley Sound.
The first two papers describe King Island and North Baffin kayaks, their construction and their equipment. Other articles are on kayak design variation, Greenland kayaks, “kayak fear”, Canadian revival and the fascinating Aleut designs. All papers are illustrated and reflect the Canadian Museum of Civilization’s collection.