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Crosstalk: Skin Cells and Immune Cells in Inflammatory Skin Diseases
The skin is the human body's largest organ consisting of two layers: epidermis and dermis, and appendages: hair, and sweat glands. The skin not only wraps the body but also protects it from external stimuli and infection, perceives sensations such as pain and itch, and coordinates with various circulating immune cells for immune response/regulation. Recent studies have shown that inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, harbor systemic inflammation/immune abnormalities such as strong Th activation and expansion of specific immune cell subsets. Novel biologics and small molecule inhibitors targeting specific biomarkers and immune signals are much more effective and safer than conventional systemic therapies for these skin diseases.
A Theology of Hope
Lee advocates a "theology of hope," essentially different from the Moltmann version on which the idea is developed. Lee shows how Cho's message, particularly in its promise of a "saved" healthy, happy and prosperous life (the "Threefold Blessing"), was the antidote to the events that had ravaged the Korean peninsula in the 1950s. At the same time, Asian Pentecostal scholars might also need a greater appreciation for both the diversity and richness of their cultural and religious past. . . . [They] have found both culturally and biblically acceptable alternatives to, and adaptations from, the practices of their ancient religions and are seeking to provide answers to the needs of their own context. --Allan H. Anderson, University of Birmingham, England (From the Foreword)
NK Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have a significant role in regulating the defenses against cancer development and certain viral infections. They are equipped with an array of activating and inhibitory receptors that stimulate or diminish NK cell activity, respectively. Inhibitory receptors include, among others, the MHC class I ligands killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in humans, and members of the Ly49 family of receptors in mice, and CD94/NKG2A. Activating receptors include cytokine and chemokine receptors, and those that interact with ligands expressed on target cells, such as the natural cytotoxicity receptors or NCRs (NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46), NKG2D...
Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Chronic HBV Infection: An Immunological Perspective
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a life-threatening liver disease affecting 257 million people worldwide, in particular in the Asia-Pacific regions. In endemic areas, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is usually transmitted from chronically infected mothers to neonates. Perinatal HBV infection causes chronic infection in more than 90% of exposed individuals. With perinatal infection, lifetime mortality risk due to complications of liver cirrhosis (LC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reaches up to 40% in men and 15% in women. For the treatment of chronic HBV infection, nucleos(t)ide analogue antivirals have been successfully used to suppress viral replication. However, HBV exists as a cccDNA, which canno...
Immunoregulatory Mechanisms of Interferon
Interferons (IFN) belong to the family of cytokines and have been described first in the late 1950s as an inhibitory factor of viral replication. Since then, the impact of interferon has been greatly expanded and its function comprises a role not only in different types of infection, cancer and autoimmunity but importantly also in immunehomeostasis. IFN have important anti-viral effects but it is becoming more and more evident that they are true immunomodulators and have an important impact on the development and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunity.
Stress and Immunity
The "Stress and Immunity" Research Topic includes two distant and seemingly unrelated forms of stress: physicochemical stress and psychological stress. In both forms of stress the body adapts to the changes in the environment. The different chapters of this eBook deal with aspects relevant for the fascinating interplay of various distinct stressors with the immune system.
Highly Mutable Animal RNA Viruses: Adaptation and Evolution
Viruses are widely present in nature, and numerous viral species with a variety of unique characteristics have been identified so far. Even now, new emerging or re-emerging viruses are being found or re-found as novel viral classes or as quasi-species. Indeed, viruses are everywhere. Of note, viruses are pivotal as targets and tools of basic and applied sciences. On one hand, portions of the viruses are infectious for animals including humans, and cause various diseases in infected hosts by distinct mechanisms and at a different level of severity. While many of viruses are known to co-exist quietly with their hosts, pathogenic viruses certainly affect and threaten our society as well as indi...
Pharmacological Aspects of Essential Oils
Pharmacological Aspects of Essential Oils: Current and Future Trends provides a collection of therapeutic and pharmacological applications of the most researched essential oils of great importance derived from Clove, Cinnamon, Coriander, Turmeric, Thymus zygis, Thyme vulgaris, Ocimum basilicum, Copaifera spp, and Nigella sativa species. The new approach towards using a metal phenolic network with the essential oils as a tool of nanomedicine will surely open a new horizon for the research community. Treating disorders such as diabetes, insomnia, and obesity with essential oils will provide a new area of research. Aromatherapy, which is creating a market especially in the personal health care ...
Enteric Hepatitis Viruses
"A subject collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine"--title page.
