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Indicators for plastic pollution
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-526/ Negotiations have started for an international treaty to solve the global problem of plastic pollution. This agreement and other actions need reliable measurements. It was the objective of this project to analyze and recommend indicators for plastic pollution, which are relevant, easy to measure and comprehensive. Most losses to the environment are larger plastic items, which eventually break down to microplastics. Mismanaged waste is an important source of plastic pollution, but difficult to measure. A set of complementary indicators could include plastic production/use, recycling rates, plastics in wastewater and rivers, beach litter, floating microplastics and plastic particles that are taken up by animals, e.g. seabirds. A holistic approach to plastic losses along the value chain and plastic accumulation in the environment would improve our understanding and related actions.
Chemical additives in weathered microplastic in the marine environment: occurrence and risk
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-520/ A Nordic project identified and measured residues of chemical additives in polyurethane (PUR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Measurements were done in new plastic, and in plastic weathered for four months in Samnangerfjorden near Bergen. Targeted chemical analysis with GC-Orbitrap was performed for identification and GC-MS analysis for quantification. Four plasticizers were detected in PUR and three in PVC, before and after weathering: Dibutyl adipate, N-butylbenzenesulphonamide (only in PUR), dibutyl phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Maximum concentrations were approx. 1000 ng/g plastic. Also triphenyl phosphite and octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate were identified. Risk quotients for copepods, cod and fulmar showed low risk. Additionally, non-target screening with GC-Orbitrap identified sixteen chemicals, of which two had hazard classifications.
European Climate Diplomacy in the USA and China
In this book, Katrin Buchmann offers a fascinating and insightful account of the efforts of several European embassies to create alliances in the United States and in China to support the UN climate negotiations leading up to COP15.
Risk of Air Pollution in Relation to Cancer in the Nordic Countries
Seventeen pollutants (particles, heavy metals, inorganic gasses and organic compounds) are for the first time analyzed in a screening of the carcinogenic risk at very high resolution and large scale in ambient air in the Nordic countries. Modelled 2010 annual mean air concentrations show no exceedances of the EU air quality values. The only exceedance of US-EPA 1:100,000 cancer risk concentrations occurs for the PAH BaP in Denmark. However, the EU target value threshold for BaP is not exceeded. No emission data for BaP are available for the other countries and important uncertainties are still related to the Danish emissions. Long-range transport is significant except for BaP that originates mostly from residential wood combustion. It is recommended to monitor the influence from residential wood combustion more extensively, and to analyze longer time trends for long-term human exposure.
Emissions of mercury, PAHs, dioxins and PCBs related to NFR 3
PCBs and dioxins are among the most toxic organic chemicals and where the latter is an unwanted bi-product primarily from residential wood burning, fires, municipal waste incineration and steel reclamation, PCBs have been widely used in a number of industrial and commercial products and activities. PAHs have carcinogeni/mutagenic properties and are produced when materials containing carbon and hydrogen are burned. The heavy metal mercury is also one of the most toxic chemicals that is being used today and although there are legally binding instruments in force within the EU and globally, which aim to limit the use and spreading of mercury in the environment it is still found in various consu...
Nordic Pesticide Monitoring Programs
This book is the result of a joint Nordic collaboration performed by the Nordic Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring (NTEM) work group within the Nordic Council of Ministers. It summarizes the existing information on past and present pesticide monitoring activities that have been performed in the five Nordic Countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Each activity is described specifically with respect to aims, monitored pesticides, sampling matrices, sampling methods and analytical methods.
Military Legacies
Landmines, cluster-bombs, chemical pollutants, and other remnants of war continue to cause death to humans and damage to the environment long after the guns have fallen silent. From the jungles of Vietnam to the arctic tundra of Russia, no region has escaped the legacy of warfare. To understand the legacy of modern militarism, this book presents an overview of post-conflict societies, with an emphasis on the human toll exacted by modern warfare.
On Extremity
On Extremity: From Music to Images, Words, and Experiences brings together transdisciplinary scholarship on sounds, images, words, and experiences (human and non-human) to reflect on the polysemic and polymorphic characteristics of extremity and the category of the extreme. The editors and authors aim to contribute to a living, breathing, and expanding definition of extremity that helps us understand what we gain, or lose, when we interact with it, create it, and share it with, or force it upon, others. The volume calls for the emergence of “extremity studies” as an area of perusal to help us navigate our current global condition.
