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A acidez e a basicidade presentes em sólidos são temas pouco explorados nos livros de química em geral, principalmente na literatura em Língua Portuguesa. Devido a sua importância na pesquisa, no desenvolvimento e na aplicação industrial, os fundamentos envolvidos na catálise ácido-base necessitam de uma melhor difusão. Nesse sentido, a partir de uma abordagem contextualizada e epistemologicamente discutida, o presente livro perpassa a própria história da química ácido-base, mostrando a evolução dos conceitos mais relevantes no tema. São discutidos os fundamentos de acidez e basicidade em sólidos, a utilização dos principais materiais porosos, as técnicas de caracterização mais significativas e as aplicações em reações-modelo. Assim, esta obra serve como leitura introdutória para alunos de graduação e pós-graduação nas áreas de química, engenharias e cursos técnicos envolvidos nesse fascinante universo com vastas aplicações.
Este livro apresenta um texto básico introdutório acerca das reações catalíticas redox que ocorrem na superfície de catalisadores heterogêneos. A partir de uma abordagem simples, os autores traçam um breve histórico desde as propriedades redox na eletroquímica básica em meio aquoso, isto é, a força motriz intrínseca causada pelo fluxo de elétrons em reações químicas até a aplicação desses conceitos na catálise heterogênea redox de reações em superfície. Os capítulos descrevem ainda os principais mecanismos e as reações envolvidas, bem como suas aplicações. Além disso, é discutido sobre as técnicas mais relevantes utilizadas na caracterização e os novos desafios que perpassam a pesquisa de ponta. Desse modo, objetivando a difusão de conhecimentos sobre catálise heterogênea redox, o texto foi desenvolvido como introdução para alunos de graduação, pós-graduação e profissionais nas áreas de química e engenharias.
This comprehensive reference work satisfies the need for in-depth and multidisciplinary coverage of the current state of the art of magnetic hybrid nanoalloys (MHNAs) and their polymer and ceramic nanocomposites. MHNAs represent one of the most challenging research areas in modern science and technology. These materials are stiff and strong with remarkable electronic, mechanical, electrical, thermal and biocompatible properties, and a high potential for multifunctional applications ranging from industry to medicine. The peer-reviewed literature is already extensive, witnessing rapid progress in experimental and theoretical studies on fundamental properties as well as various advanced applica...
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Tenth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 185 economies, Doing Business 2013 measures regulations affecting 11 areas of everyday business activity: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, closing a business, and employing workers. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2012, ranks economies on their overall “ease of doing business”, and analyzes reforms to business regulation – identifying which economies are strengthening their business environment the most. The Doing Business reports illustrate ...
An account of the history and evacuation of the Portuguese merchant ship, Nossa Senhora dos Martires, sunk at the mouth of the Tagus River in 1606.
This brand new comprehensive text and reference book is designed to cover all the essential elements of food science and technology, including all core aspects of major food science and technology degree programs being taught worldwide. Food Science and Technology, supported by the International Union of Food Science and Technology comprises 21 chapters, carefully written in a user-friendly style by 30 eminent industry experts, teachers and researchers from across the world. All authors are recognised experts in their respective fields, and together represent some of the world’s leading universities and international food science and technology organisations. Expertly drawn together, produ...
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This text explores the optimization of catalytic materials through traditional and novel methods of catalyst preparation, characterization, and monitoring for oxides, supported metals, zeolites, and heteropolyacids. It focuses on the synthesis of bulk materials and of heterogeneous materials, particularly at the nanoscale. The final chapters examine pretreatment, drying, finishing effects, and future applications involving catalyst preparation and the technological advances necessary for continued progress. Topics also include heat and mass transfer limitations, computation methods for predicting properties, and catalyst monitoring on laboratory and industrial scales.
By-products of global biodiesel manufacturing are a modern day global fact responsible for igniting a number of year's worldwide intense research activity into human chemical ingenuity. This highly anticipated 2nd Edition depicts how practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry are solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology. The authors report and comment on employable, practical avenues applicable to convert glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. The best-selling reference book in the.