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Peru is one of the richest peatland countries in the tropics. Its peatlands extend over all three of its regions, with a significant area in the Amazon. These peatlands provide key ecosystem services – storing immense amounts of carbon, uptaking carbon dioxide, nurturing unique biodiversity, regulating water at local and regional levels, and providing both livelihoods and cultural values for local people. The country’s peatlands have deteriorated through anthropogenic activities, including infrastructure construction and resource extraction (e.g. oil, minerals), and unsustainable uses or practices of varying intensity (e.g. overgrazing, peat extraction, palm felling, overhunting); such p...
This paper reviews the literature on the links between migration and forests in the Peruvian Amazon. It highlights not only the complexity of the migrant–forest interface in Peru but also the relative lack of research on these dynamics. Historically, offi
El Perú es uno de los países del trópico más ricos en turberas. Cuenta con ellas en sus tres regiones, con una preponderancia marcada en la Amazonía. Sus turberas proveen importantes servicios ecosistémicos, como el almacenamiento de inmensas cantidades de carbono, la fijación de dióxido de carbono, una biodiversidad única, la regulación hídrica a nivel local y regional, y el suministro de medios de subsistencia y valores culturales para las poblaciones locales. Las turberas del país están siendo deterioradas por actividades antropogénicas que incluyen el desarrollo de infraestructura y la extracción de recursos (p. ej., petróleo, minerales), y usos o prácticas no sostenible...
Theoretical Aspects of Chemical Reactivity provides a broad overview of recent theoretical and computational advancements in the field of chemical reactivity. Contributions have been made by a number of leaders in the field covering theoretical developments to applications in molecular systems and clusters. With an increase in the use of reactivity descriptors, and fundamental theoretical aspects becoming more challenging, this volume serves as an interesting overview where traditional concepts are revisited and explored from new viewpoints, and new varieties of reactivity descriptors are proposed. Includes applications in the frontiers of reactivity principles, and introduces dynamic and statistical viewpoints to chemical reactivity and challenging traditional concepts such as aromaticity. * Written by specialists in the field of chemical reactivity* An authoritative overview of the research and progress * An essential reference material for students
The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development ...
The book provides a comprehensive overview of classic and modern approaches of centrosome research, including new aspects of centrosome functions focusing on primary cilia and their implications in numerous diseases. In addition, several chapters raise awareness of centrosomes in areas that have not yet fully considered the centrosome as an organelle that impacts other organelle functions directly or indirectly. It further relates centrosome functions to other research areas such as aging and stem cell research. Since its discovery almost 150 years ago the centrosome is increasingly being recognized as a most impactful organelle for its role, not only as primary microtubule organizing center...
Over the last twenty years, developments of the ab initio metho dologies and of the computing capacities have progressively turned quantum chemistry into a predictive tool for molecular systems involving only light elements. The situation appears less advanced for systems containing transition metal elements where specific difficulties arise, like those 1inked to the quasi-degeneracy of the lowest atomic states. Correlation effects, which are important only for quantitative accuracy in the treatment of molecules made of light elements, need sometimes to be considered even for a qualitative des cription of transition metals systems (like the multiple metal-metal bond). The treatment of atoms ...
Metal clusters, an intermediate state between molecules and the extended solid, show peculiar bonding and reactivity patterns. Their significance is critical to many areas, including air pollution, interstellar matter, clay minerals, photography, catalysis, quantum dots, and virus crystals. In Aromaticity and Metal Clusters, dozens of international experts explore not only the basic aspects of aromaticity, but also the structures, properties, reactivity, stability, and other consequences of the aromaticity of a variety of metal clusters. Although the concept of aromaticity has been known for nearly two centuries, there is no way to measure it experimentally and no theoretical formula to calc...
This book distills the knowledge gained from research into atoms in molecules over the last 10 years into a unique, handy reference. Throughout, the authors address a wide audience, such that this volume may equally be used as a textbook without compromising its research-oriented character. Clearly structured, the text begins with advances in theory before moving on to theoretical studies of chemical bonding and reactivity. There follow separate sections on solid state and surfaces as well as experimental electron densities, before finishing with applications in biological sciences and drug-design. The result is a must-have for physicochemists, chemists, physicists, spectroscopists and materials scientists.
This comprehensive book on Nanoclusters comprises sixteen authoritative chapters written by leading researchers in the field. It provides insight into topics that are currently at the cutting edge of cluster science, with the main focus on metal and metal compound systems that are of particular interest in materials science, and also on aspects related to biology and medicine. While there are numerous books on clusters, the focus on clusters as a bridge across disciplines sets this book apart from others. Delivers cutting edge coverage of cluster science Covers a broad range of topics in physics, chemistry, and materials science Written by leading researchers in the field