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This book presents a comprehensive overview of plant stresses caused by salt, drought, extreme temperatures, oxygen and toxic compounds, which are responsible for huge losses in crop yields. It discusses the latest research on the impact of salinity and global environment changes, and examines the advances in the identification and characterization of the mechanisms that allow plants to tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses. Further it presents our current understanding of metabolic fluxes and the various transporters that collectively open the possibility of applying in vitro technology and genetic engineering to improve stress tolerance. Exploring advanced methods that augment traditional plant tissue culture and breeding techniques toward the development of new crop varieties that can tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses to achieve sustainable food production, this book is a valuable resource for plant scientists and researchers.
Gamification plays a major role in individual and business decision-making in today’s digital era, remarkably changing the way businesses perform basic functions. Gamification techniques can be applied to a variety of marketing activities to help marketers create a more immersive and interactive experience for their customers, by leveraging elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, challenges, quizzes, sweepstakes, and rewards to encourage desired behaviors, foster engagement, and build a sense of community around a brand or product. In this book, international academicians and researchers will discuss the influence and potential of gamification on marketing management dynamics. This ...
This volume provides an in-depth analysis of the critical dimensions of higher education in India. It focuses on the growth and expansion of private higher education and public policy. The volume discusses issues related to the growth of for-profit and not-for-profit private higher education institutions and their implications at the policy level. It outlines the role of such institutions towards the internationalization and global ranking of the Indian higher education system. The book discusses the trends in internationalisation adopted by private higher education institutions and explains the resulting impact on aspects such as the diversity of programs, skill formation, employability, pe...
This volume presents an interdisciplinary framework to map out contemporary educational studies in India. Based on conceptual tools, quantitative methods and ethnographic accounts drawn from extensive fieldwork, it addresses emerging discourses on educational policies, their operation in the everyday functioning of institutions and actual practices in teaching and learning. Individual chapters discuss the intersectionality in the current educational system of region, gender, class, caste and minorities. With comparative perspectives and case studies from across states, including under-studied rural and urban regions of India, the book explores a wide range of issues affecting the educational...
This book provides systematic information on the lychee and modern tools to promote its sustainable growth and development. Including dedicated chapters on the evolution and diversification of the lychee, it highlights its genetic makeup and reciprocal exogenous factors, addressing the narrow genetic pool and lack of natural biodiversity. It also discusses issues related to post-harvest losses and robust approaches at the commercial level. Further, the book offers insights on in vitro propagation methods and prospective transgenic approaches for selected lychee cultivars. Chapters on the production of bioactive compounds and their enhancement through genetic transformation and elicitation are also included, reflecting the latest advances in the field of lychee biotechnology. Lastly, the book explores the use of molecular marker techniques to achieve the desired improvements in fruit trees’ medicinal and aesthetic value.
Phytoconstituents are a valuable source of new lead compounds due to their structural variety. The accelerated rate of human ageing brought about by the 21st century's longer life expectancy seems to be one of the major problems facing varied cultures worldwide. Ageing and the onset of chronic diseases appear to be significantly influenced by the type of food consumption pattern that people follow throughout their lives. There is strong evidence that Mediterranean diets are linked to a lower risk of brain disorders. A greater proportion of rural communities in the Mediterranean basin eat a diet high in plant-based foods daily. Stressors like reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species have...
Plant growth and development is closely dependent on the plant environment, including the wide-spread presence of organic and inorganic xenobiotics and pollutants. Currently, heavy metals are the most common inorganic environmental pollutants and they have pronounced effects and consequences not only for plants, but also for the ecosystem in which the plants form an integral component. It has been suggested that these contaminants accumulate in agricultural crops, thus entering the food chain and posing a significant health risk. Plants growing in polluted sites exhibit altered metabolism, reduced growth, and decreased biomass production. These pollutants adhere to plant roots and exert phys...
India Higher Education Report 2020 critically analyzes the role played by the state, industries, and higher education institutions in the employment and employability of educated youth in India. The book discusses a wide range of topics such as employability skill gaps of higher education graduates; curriculum and skills training systems; formal and informal modes of skill formation; crisis of jobless growth in India; migration, education and employment; dimensions of gender, caste and education; general, technical and professional education; vocationalization; qualifications framework and skills certifications; curriculum and pedagogy in higher education for skill development; industry–ac...
Polymer-Drug Conjugates: Linker Chemistry, Protocols and Applications discusses important concepts, fundamentals and prospective applications of 'Linker Chemistry' in a clear-and-concise manner. The book provides vital information on chemical entities binding with the drug-polymer complex for targeted drug delivery systems. It highlights roles and significance, different classes and synthetic protocols as well as mechanisms of chemical bond formation in drug-polymer conjugation in drug delivery, also offering insights into the mechanism of polymer interaction with linker and drug molecules by biodegradable chemical bonding. The protocol of binding with drug molecules is clearly explained and...
Edible oils and fats are derived from plants and animals and have several health benefits. Edible oils and fats consist of many health-promoting bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, vitamins, and inorganic compounds. The chemical compounds present in edible oils and fats are known for their possible health risks such as coronary heart disease and metabolic diseases, which is why there is a need to check the quality, purity, and safety of edible oils and fats. Bioactive Compounds of Edible Oils & Fats: Health Benefits, Risks, and Analysis provides an overview of different edible oils and fats, health benef...