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Preventing Nuclear Smuggling
Since Sept. 11, 2001, concern has increased that terrorists could smuggle nuclear weapons or materials into this country in the approx. 7 million containers that arrive annually at U.S. seaports. Nuclear materials can be smuggled across borders by being placed inside containers aboard cargo ships. In response to this concern, since 2003, the Dept. of Energy (DoE) has deployed radiation detection equipment to key foreign seaports through its Megaports Initiative. This report examined: (1) progress DoE has made in implementing the Megaports Initiative, (2) current & expected costs of the Initiative, & (3) challenges DoE faces in installing radiation detection equipment at foreign ports. Includes recommendations. Charts & tables.
Nuclear Safety
Currently, 437 civilian nuclear power reactors are operating in 29 countries, and 56 more are under construction. After the Chernobyl accident, representatives of over 50 nations, including the U.S., participated in the development of the Convention on Nuclear Safety, a treaty that seeks to promote the safety of civilian nuclear power reactors. The Convention has been in force since 1996. This report assessed: (1) parties' views on the benefits and limitations of the Convention; (2) efforts to improve implementation of the Convention; and (3) how Internat. Atomic Energy Agency programs complement the Convention's safety goals. The report surveyed the 64 parties to the Convention for which it was in force at the time of this review. Charts and tables.
Nuclear Nonproliferation
The International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) safeguards system has been a cornerstone of U.S. efforts to prevent nuclear weapons proliferation since the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) was adopted in 1970. IAEA has strengthened its safeguards system & increased efforts to combat nuclear terrorism by helping countries secure nuclear & radioactive material & facilities. This report: (1) identifies the steps IAEA has taken to strengthen safeguards; (2) assesses the challenges in implementing strengthened safeguards; (3) identifies U.S. financial support for safeguards; & (4) describes IAEA's efforts to help secure nuclear material & facilities. Includes recommendations. Illustrations.
Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management
There have been reports on limitations in the mgmt. of U.S. low-level radioactive waste (LLRW). To identify potential approaches to overcome these limitations, the author examined the extent to which other countries have: LLRW inventory databases; timely removal of higher-activity LLRW from waste generator sites; disposition options for all LLRW; & requirements that LLRW generators have financial reserves to cover waste disposition costs, as well as any other approaches that might improve U.S. LLRW mgmt. The author surveyed 18 countries representing leading LLRW generators to identify their mgmt. approaches & to compare them with U.S. survey results & with approaches by LLRW generators, disposal operators, & regulators in the U.S. Ill.
Nuclear Commerce
The U.S. has 26 agreements in force for peaceful nuclear cooperation. Under the U.S. Atomic Energy Act of 1954 these agreements are a prerequisite to certain aspects of U.S. nuclear cooperation with other cooperating partners. This report: (1) quantifies the amount and value of U.S. nuclear exports facilitated by these agreements; (2) assesses U.S. efforts to support the U.S. nuclear industry's ability to compete for sales; and (3) examines U.S. nuclear industry challenges to exporting. To conduct this work, the report reviewed and assessed data collection efforts by U.S. agencies from 1994 through 2008, and interviewed U.S. industry rep. and U.S. and foreign gov't. officials. Includes recommend. A print on demand pub. Charts and tables.
Congressional Record
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