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This book seeks to answer the question of how much urban agriculture helps feed and support people living in towns and cities with evidence and proposals based on studies in Eastern and Central Africa.
This report summarizes the findings of the Joint Meeting on the risk assessments of salmonella in eggs and broiler chickens, and listeria in ready-to-eat foods. It presents a preliminary response to the specific risk management questions posed by the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene. It provides advice on how these risk assessments can be used and adapted by FAO and WHO member countries.
Consistent with the need to provide safe feeding for all infants, FAO and WHO jointly convened an expert meeting on Enterobacter sakazakii and other microorganisms in powdered infant formula (Geneva, 2 to 5 February 2004). The workshop was organized in response to a specific request to FAO/WHO for scientific advice from the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene to provide input for the revision of the Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practice for Foods for Infants and Children. After reviewing the available scientific information, the expert meeting concluded that intrinsic contamination of powdered infant formula with Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella has been a cause of infection and illness in infants, including severe disease which can lead to serious developmental sequelae and death. This report, co-published with WHO, looks at a range of control strategies during both manufacture and subsequent use of powdered infant formula that may be implemented to minimize the risk.
FAO and WHO have a long history of providing scientific advice on food safety and nutrition to Codex Alimentarius and FAO/WHO member countries. Since 2003, both organizations have been implementing a consultative process to guide their efforts to improve the quality, quantity and timeless of the scientific advice provided. The consultative process has followed several steps, including a planning meeting, an electronic forum and a workshop, facilitating an open and transparent review process that considered the opinions of all interested parties. Through this process, two key issues have been identified - the urgent need to enhance the participation of experts from developing countries in the...
This volume contains the interpretative summary on the monographs on risk assessment of Salmonella in eggs and broiler chickens that have been prepared and reviewed by an international team of scientists. During their preparation input was received from several international fora including expert consultations and Codex Alimentarius committee meetings as well as via public and peer review. Co-published with WHO.
Salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are among the most frequently reported foodborne diseases worldwide. While numerous potential vehicles of transmission exist, commercial chicken meat has been identified as one of the most important food vehicles for these organisms. As a result, the Codex Alimentarius Commission agreed that guidelines for the control of Salmonella and Campylobacter in poultry was a priority and initiated their development in 2007.
Cases of listeriosis appear to be predominantly associated with ready-to-eat products. FAO and WHO have undertaken a risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods, prepared and reviewed by an international team of scientists. Input was received from several international fora including expert consultations and Codex Alimentarius committee meetings as well as via public and peer review. This interpretative summary provides an overview of how the risk assessment was undertaken and the results. In particular, it provides information relevant to risk managers addressing problems posed by this pathogen in ready-to-eat foods. It includes answers to the specific risk management questions posed by the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene and outlines the issues to be considered when implementing control measures, including the establishment of microbiological criteria.
The guidelines aim to provide a practical framework and approach for undertaking exposure assessment of microbiological hazards (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and microbial toxins) in foods in the context of a risk assessment or as a stand-alone process.