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The EU Market has developed significantly, but business has not been as easy as anticipated. The market turned out to have more complex structural difficulties. In today's business world the importance of international negotiations and cooperation is steadily growing. Every company from mid-sized family operations to large multi national companies is somehow involved in International Business and therefore has to deal with inter cultural issues.
The development of the prosodic system from Indo-European to Balto-Slavic is dominated by two major innovations: the rise of mobility and the rise of acuteness. This book provides a new account of the latter. It stands out from previous works for being informed by recent advances in phonological typology and tonogenesis and, especially, for its comprehensiveness. All matters related to the rise of acuteness are treated in detail. As a result, the book includes new insights on several issues of Balto-Slavic historical phonology and morphology as well.
What do linguistics, philology and even cultural studies have in common? There can be many answers for this question; certainly, however, they all have to deal with the new technologies and methods that go by the name of “Digital Humanities”. Today, all human sciences are facing new challenges both from the methodological point of view and from their very scientific contents. Accordingly, the number of research fields and approaches represented in this volume is large, reflecting the complexity of the problems of formalization, computation and digitalization of data and resources. The future of human sciences will be marked by the ever-increasing importance of formal models and computational tools, and the effective communication among the specialists of different fields is crucial for the scientific success of every single area of research. This collection of cutting-edge, high-quality papers is a fundamental step towards a better definition of the role the “Digital Humanities” will play in the next years.
This volume contains thirteen contributions on the origin of the feminine gender and its relation to the collective in the Indo-European parent language. The Indo-European daughter languages have got mostly a three-gender system, however the early attested Anatolian languages owned only two genders. In this respect, it is debatable whether the feminine gender is primary or arose secondarily from another morphological category. Due to special morphological and morphosyntactic phenomena it is also questionable whether the neuter plural of the individual languages continues an inflectional category or it was rather grammaticalized from an original word formation category collective. The authors suggest different approaches on the question of the relationship between feminine and collective.
Tocharian and Indo-European Studies is the central publication for the study of two closely related languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B. Found in many Buddhist manuscripts from central Asia, Tocharian dates back to the second half of the first millennium of the Common Era, though it was not discovered until the twentieth century. Focusing on both philological and linguistic aspects of this language, Tocharian and Indo-European Studies also looks at it in relationship to other Indo-European languages. This issue addresses topics such as the function and origin of the present suffix "-sk," verbal endings, the words for "fear" and "perfume," secular documents, and Tocharian glosses in Sanskrit manuscripts. Birgit Anette Olsen is a researcher and instructor at the University of Copenhagen and author of Derivation and Composition and The Noun in Biblical Armenian. Michaël Peyrot is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Vienna. Georges-Jean Pinault is professor at the École pratique des hautes études in Paris. Thomas Olander is a researcher and instructor at the University of Copenhagen.
New, fully updated edition incorporates the latest research in Indo-European Studies Written by an international team of experts providing a range of views in one volume Revised structure with languages following the order of attestation and new indexes for Proto-Indo-European reconstructed roots/words, Proto-Indo-European vocabulary and specific families/languages indexes (i.e Sanskrit, Latin, Gothic, English) for easier reference.
Since the beginning of Indo-European Studies, linguists have attempted to reconstruct aspects of the Indo-European traditions that go beyond the ‘atomic’ dimensions of related languages, such as inherited aspects of Indo-European texts and traits shared by cognate pantheons and narratives. The chapters in this volume address these very aspects of cultural reconstruction. Interdisciplinary case-studies on poetic features, religion and mythology of several ancient Indo-European languages (Ancient Greek, Latin and Italic, Hittite, Phrygian, Sanskrit, Avestan, Old Norse, Old Irish and Old Russian) work at the intersection of linguistic reconstruction and philology. The results of these investigations shed new light on a variety of aspects, ranging from obscure etymologies to the reconstruction of the genetic link among entire Indo-European myths.
This book has grown out of a workshop held in Copenhagen in February 2017, The Indo-European Family Tree.
The Program in Indo-European Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, sponsors an Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference. The Conference welcomes participation by linguists, philologists, and others engaged in all aspects of Indo-European studies. These Proceedings include papers presented at the Thirty-Second Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, held in an online format. Inhalt: – Preface – Michele Bianconi: A New Look at Phrygian Metre – Chiara Bozzone and Ryan Sandell: One or Many Homers? Using Quantitative Authorship Analysis to Study the Homeric Question – Isabelle de Meyer: Myc. a-mo and Gk. ἅρμα: The Enigma that Keeps on Rolling – Benjamin W. Fortson IV: The...
This volume investigates a wide range of topics in the study of Gothic, the oldest Germanic language to be attested in any substantial texts, some three centuries before the earliest Old English. It covers issues in sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, phonology, derivational morphology, verbal syntax, and discourse structure. Individual chapters examine Gothic-Latin bilingualism in sixth-century Italy, some hitherto undiscovered aspects of the production of the first edition of the Codex Argenteus associated with England, and the translations of Greek nominal compounds in the Gospels. Phonological and morphological topics covered include vowel lowering ("breaking"), the distinction bet...