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In 1852, President Louis Napoleon of France declared that August 15--Napoleon Bonaparte's birthday--would be celebrated as France's national day. Leading up to the creation of the Second Empire, this was the first in a series of attempts to "Bonapartize" his regime and strengthen its popular legitimacy. Across France, public institutions sought to draw local citizens together to celebrate civic ideals of unity, order, and patriotism. But the new sense of French togetherness was fraught with tensions. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence, Sudhir Hazareesingh vividly reconstructs the symbolic richness and political complexity of the Saint-Napoleon festivities in a work that opens up broade...
In this volume, a distinguished collection of historians and political scientists reflect on France's evolution as a political community from the nineteenth century to the present. France is often seen as a 'Jacobin' polity, committed to the principles of national unity and state centralization, a robust conception of patriotism, the promotion of a uniform and homogenous culture on its society, and the defence of the general interest against sectional concerns. The overall aims of the book are threefold: firstly to map out the key features of this 'Jacobin' model as it emerged in nineteenth century France; secondly to explore the institutional, political, and social realities which lay behin...
This book examines contemporary audio/visual production in Galicia as privileged channels through which modern Galician cultural identities have been imagined, constructed and consumed, both at home and abroad.
When it began, modern Spanish cinema was under strict censorship, forced to conform to the ideological demands of the Nationalist regime. In 1950, the New Spanish Cinema was born as a protest over General Francisco Franco's policies: a new series of directors and films began to move away from the conformist line to offer a bold brand of Spanish realism. In the 1950s and early 1960s, filmmakers such as Juan Antonio Bardem, Luis García Berlanga, and Luis Buñuel expressed a liberal image of Spain to the world in such films as Muerte de un ciclista (Death of a Cyclist), Bienvenido Señor Marshall (Welcome Mr. Marshall), and Viridiana. The emergence of new directors continued into the sixties a...
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Historia galisyjskiego narkobiznesu od czasów przemytu papierosów aż po współcześnie działające klany. Zawiera rozkładaną wkładkę. Lata 80. w Galicji. Restrukturyzacja rybołówstwa zatrzymuje dużą część galisyjskiej floty rybackiej w porcie, setki armatorów popadają w długi. Stanowi to wprost idealną pożywkę dla przełomu, który nie każe na siebie długo czekać: dawni handlarze papierosami przerzucają się na poważniejszy interes – narkotyki. Nawiązują kontakt z kolumbijskimi kartelami i zaczynają sprowadzać kokainę. Już wkrótce 80% docierającej do Hiszpanii koki trafia na galisyjskie wybrzeża. Handlarze zarabiają bajońskie sumy, politycy i policja wolą przymykać oczy, dzięki czemu w błyskawicznym tempie rośnie potęga capos, którzy z dnia na dzień awansują na „Królów Galicji”. Dzieci rybaków, które stają się handlarzami narkotyków, sternicy ślizgaczy, „skruszeni” przestępcy, sędziowie, policjanci, dziennikarze i matki narkomanów… Gram koki to historia przełomowego momentu, kiedy Galicja znalazła się na najlepszej drodze do przeistoczenia się w drugą Sycylię.
Wolfram (or tungsten), because of its hardness and high density, was an important raw material for the arms industry during the Second World War. The main European source of this element was Portugal, which was therefore put under pressure by both the Allies and the Nazis, but Galicia in north-west Spain, sitting on top of Portugal, was also an important source. Hence the 'fever' referred to in the title of this book. Not only did the Germans set up official mines in Galicia to extract wolfram, but there were lots of unofficial miners hoping to make a quick buck. Carmucha's father, Matías, had been roped into becoming the president of the Casino Club in Noia, a small coastal town twenty mil...