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Managing Salinization
Salinization of soils is a major threat to irrigated agriculture and counteracts the targets of costly public infrastructure investments. In this study, salinization is regarded as the outcome of an institutional arrangement which impedes the effective implementation of well-known and well-established control measures be they technical, managerial or economic. In public irrigation systems neither the management units nor the farmers are offered any incentives towards the control of high groundwater levels and salinization if the management units are embedded in a highly centralized non-market institutional setting. The author answers the question under which conditions management units and irrigators are active in halting and reversing the process of salinization.
The provision of out-of-hours care in England
Approximately 9 million patients receive urgent primary out-of -hours care in England. In April 2004 the Department of Health gave GPs the chance to opt out of providing this service and transfer responsibility to the Primary Care Trust. This report looks at three main issues related to the change: how well did the Department of Health prepare; how did the new service perform and what did it cost. It concludes that the preparation was shambolic both at local and national level and although the new service is starting to improve performance against key access targets is still not good enough. In addition the cost of the new out-of-hours service has been £70 million higher than was foreseen.
Annuaire Europeen
The European Yearbook promotes the scientific study of nineteen European supranational organisations and the OECD. Each volume contains a detailed survey of the history, structure and yearly activities of each organisation and an up-to-date chart providing a clear overview of the member states of each organisation.
The World Bank and Irrigation
Annotation This book provides an independent and comprehensive review of World Bank irrigation lending and policy between 1948 and 1993. The Bank's role in irrigation lending has been large--more than $30 billion (in current U.S. dollars) spread over some 600 projects. Only 200 projects have been in place long enough to be assessed. The overall performance record is good, but there is room for improvement.The report finds that there are still pervasive problems in maintenance and operation. Operating chaos prevails in most large canal systems in the humid tropics. In drier areas, drainage is the biggest environmental problem associated with irrigation. The author argues for upgrading existing systems, improving service, involving irrigators, and saving water where it is scarce.
