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In addition to sunshine, the Sun emits about one trillion tons of ionized hydrogen per second into the interplanetary space, a phenomenon known as solar wind. This book systematizes the knowledge of the solar wind acceleration region, which is, figuratively speaking, the space weather “kitchen” similar to the Mexican gulf (where the Gulf Stream originates). The processing of unique scientific information about the solar wind at heliocentric distances up to three solar radii obtained from receiving antennas directed almost to the Sun (a challenging technical task itself) during telecommunication sessions with “Mars-2”, “Mars-4”, “Venera-10”, “Venera-15”, and “Venera-16” spacecraft, along with original approaches for modelling the solar wind acceleration region, underlie the factual basis for the book.
This volume represents the state of the art of the science covered by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division IV: Solar Wind and Interplanetary Field. It contains a collection of contributions by top experts addressing and reviewing a variety of topics included under the umbrella of the division. It covers subjects that extend from the interior of the Sun to the heliopause, and from the study of physical processes in the Sun and the solar wind plasma to space weather forecasts. The book is organized in 6 parts: the solar interior, the solar atmosphere, the heliosphere, heliophysical processes, radio emissions, and coordinated science in the Sun-Earth system. In addition, we highlight some of the results presented during the IAGA Division IV symposia in the 11th Scientific Assembly of IAGA in Sopron, Hungary, on 23-30 August 2009, which was planned simultaneously with this book.
These Proceedings present the most recent results from the highly successful international solar space missions (SOHO, CORONAS-F, TRACE, RHESSI, YOHKOH) and ground observatories around the Earth, reported at the IAU Symposium 223 held in St. Petersburg, Russia, June 14-19, 2004. These include discussions of the current theories of solar dynamics and activity, new constraints provided by the multi-wavelength observations of the Sun from the interior to the heliosphere, as well as discussions of future coordinated plans and efforts of multi-wavelength investigations of the Sun. The Proceedings contain the material of seven plenary sessions and three round-table discussions
The eleventh COSPAR colloquium The Outer Heliosphere: The Next Frontiers was held in Potsdam, Germany, from 24-28 July, 2000, and is the second dedicated to this subject after the first one held in Warsaw, Poland in 1989.Roughly a century has passed after the first ideas by Oliver Lodge, George Francis Fitzgerald and Kristan Birkeland about particle clouds emanating from the Sun and interacting with the Earth environment. Only a few decades after the formulation of the concepts of a continuous solar corpuscular radiation by Ludwig Bierman and a solar wind by Eugene Parker, heliospheric physics has evolved into an important branch of astrophysical research. Numerous spacecraft missions have i...
The launch in October 1990 of the joint ESA-NASA Ulysses mission marked the start of a new era in the study of the heliosphere. For the fIrst time, in-situ observations are being made covering the full range of heliographic latitudes. Following the successful gravity-assist manoeuvre at Jupiter in February 1992, Ulysses left the ecliptic plane in a southerly direction and headed back toward the Sun, passing over the southern solar pole in mid-1994. To mark these unique events, the 28th ESLAB Symposium, held in Friedrichs hafen, Germany, on 19-21 April 1994, was devoted to "The High Latitude Helio sphere". Following on from the highly successful 19th ESLAB Symposium "The Sun and the Heliosphe...
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Marked by four themes: origin of the solar wind, internal state of the solar wind, large scale structure and dynamics, and the outer heliosphere.