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The thirty Guaraní missions of the Río de la Plata were the largest and most prosperous of all the Catholic missions established throughout the frontier regions of the Americas to convert, acculturate, and incorporate indigenous peoples and their lands into the Spanish and Portuguese empires. But between 1768 and 1800, the mission population fell by almost half and the economy became insolvent. This unique socioeconomic history provides a coherent and comprehensive explanation for the missions' operation and decline, providing readers with an understanding of the material changes experienced by the Guaraní in their day-to-day lives. Although the mission economy funded operations, sustaine...
This impressive collection offers the first systematic global and comparative history of textile workers over the course of 350 years. This period covers the major changes in wool and cotton production, and the global picture from pre-industrial times through to the twentieth century. After an introduction, the first part of the book is divided into twenty national studies on textile production over the period 1650-2000. To make them useful tools for international comparisons, each national overview is based on a consistent framework that defines the topics and issues to be treated in each chapter. The countries described have been selected to included the major historic producers of woollen...
Volume III covers the Iberian Empires and stresses the ethnic dimension of the independent processes in Spanish America and Brazil. An important reference text for historians of the Atlantic World with a keen interest in the Iberian Empires.
The relationship between natural capital and economic growth is an open debate in the field of economic development. Is an abundance of natural resources a blessing or a curse for economic performance? The field of Economic History offers an excellent vantage to explore the relevance of institutions, technical progress and supply-demand drivers. Natural Resources and Economic Growth contains theoretical and empirical articles by leading scholars who have studied this subject in different historical periods from the 19th century to the present day and in different parts of the world. Part I presents the theoretical issues and discusses the meaning of the "curse" and the relevance of the histo...
"Commodities provide a lens through which local and global histories can be understood and written. The study of commodities history follows these goods as they make their way from land and water through processing and trade to eventual consumption. It is a fast-developing field with collaborative, comparative, and interdisciplinary research, with new information technologies becoming increasingly important. Although many individual researchers continue to focus on particular commodities and regions, they often do so in partnership with others working on different areas and employing a range of theoretical and methodological approaches, placing commodities history at the forefront of local a...
This book examines the meat provision system of Rio de Janeiro from the 1850s to the 1930s. Until the 1920s, Rio was Brazil’s economic hub, main industrial city, and prime consumer market. Meat consumption was an indicator of living standards and a matter of public concern. The work unveils that in the second half of the nineteenth century, the city was well supplied with red meat. Initially, dwellers relied mostly on salted meat; then, in the latter decades of the 1800s, two sets of changes upgraded fresh meat deliveries. First, ranching expansion and transportation innovation in southeast and central-west Brazil guaranteed a continuous flow of cattle to Rio. Second, the municipal centralization of meat processing and distribution made its provision regular and predictable. By the early twentieth century, fresh meat replaced salted meat in the urban marketplace. This study examines these developments in light of national and global developments in the livestock and meat industries.
Although direct mail is the fastest growing marketing medium in the world, it is still largely organized on a national basis and remains confined by borders. To support and inform marketing professionals in the development of direct marketing into an international activity, the fourth edition of this title offers a comprehensive 'one-stop' guide to the direct mail potential of every major export market in the world. It provides authoritative, independent advice on how to formulate and execute effective campaigns, along with detailed information on markets, costs and data relevant to businesses based in any country.
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O termo "agrarismos" escolhido para encabeçar o título, reflete uma perspectiva compartilhada por seus doze autores: analisar o mundo rural a partir de um olhar inclusivo. Sua utilização no plural busca semantizar as diversidades de realidades a serem abordadas, diversidades estas que se dão no tempo e no espaço. A obra reúne questões do mundo rural contemporâneo em nove países da América Latina: Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Cuba, Paraguai, Peru e Uruguai, assim como as experiências de pesquisas de historiadores, sociólogos e antropólogos sobre o mundo agrário latino-americano. Lutas camponesas, resistências, processo de paz na Colômbia, impactos socioambientais do "desenvolvimento", saúde, trabalho, controle social na fronteira amazônica, produção de soja na Bolívia e Paraguai, preços agrários nos primórdios da commoditização, reformas agrárias, cidadania e propriedade de terra. Temas que não esgotam as possibilidades de abordagens e que representam um leque significativo dos problemas que estão sendo estudados pela História, Antropologia e Sociologia na conjuntura atual.