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A presente pesquisa desenvolve-se na área das Finanças Públicas e tem como objeto a redistribuição da riqueza promovida pelo Estado por intermédio de despesas públicas. A escolha do tema justifica-se na constatação de que as desigualdades e a pobreza, fenômenos intimamente ligados, têm avançado em todo o mundo, inclusive nos países mais ricos. Estes fenômenos repercutem negativamente na coesão social, excluindo muitos indivíduos da partilha do bem-estar alcançado pelo desenvolvimento das sociedades. Partindo desta constatação, investiga-se como as despesas públicas realizadas pelo Estado são capazes de atuar na redução das desigualdades e no combate à pobreza, exercen...
Na crise financeira de 2007-2014 vários bancos europeus foram liquidados, nacionalizados e objecto da novel figura da resolução bancária. Em todos os casos houve accionistas, credores e investidores que sofreram danos. Questiona-se se, no contexto da insolvência bancária, a responsabilidade civil tem latitude suficiente para a indemnização de algumas categorias de lesados, em especial os investidores. O presente estudo analisa a evolução dos modelos de insolvência bancária (Parte I), as consequências destes modelos para as acções de responsabilidade civil de investidores por violação de deveres de informação por parte de bancos intermediários financeiros (Parte II) e a (eventual) responsabilidade das entidades de supervisão e resolução bancária, europeias e nacional (Parte III).
This brand new comprehensive text and reference book is designed to cover all the essential elements of food science and technology, including all core aspects of major food science and technology degree programs being taught worldwide. Food Science and Technology, supported by the International Union of Food Science and Technology comprises 21 chapters, carefully written in a user-friendly style by 30 eminent industry experts, teachers and researchers from across the world. All authors are recognised experts in their respective fields, and together represent some of the world’s leading universities and international food science and technology organisations. Expertly drawn together, produ...
bookdown: Authoring Books and Technical Documents with R Markdown presents a much easier way to write books and technical publications than traditional tools such as LaTeX and Word. The bookdown package inherits the simplicity of syntax and flexibility for data analysis from R Markdown, and extends R Markdown for technical writing, so that you can make better use of document elements such as figures, tables, equations, theorems, citations, and references. Similar to LaTeX, you can number and cross-reference these elements with bookdown. Your document can even include live examples so readers can interact with them while reading the book. The book can be rendered to multiple output formats, i...
As medidas de auxilio a bancos em dificuldades tem sido frequentes entre nos. Essas intervenc?es s?o ditadas por uma necessidade de estabilizar o sistema financeiro. Contudo, elas podem criar incentivos perversos (moral hazard) e onerar pesadamente as financas publicas. Estas medidas caem, muitas vezes, no ambito da proibic?o de auxilios de estado. Mas, a Comiss?o Europeia, reconhecendo que os objetivos desses auxilios encontram respaldo no Tratado, tem entendido que eles podem ser declarados como compativeis com o mercado interno. Tambem reconhecendo os perigos associados, a Comiss?o n?o deixou de procurar formas de os mitigar, de modo a equilibrar os valores em causa. Isto e bem sabido, mas algumas perguntas ficaram esquecidas. Como e que a crise financeira influenciou esta abordagem? Sera que o enquadramento que a Comiss?o Europeia seguiu e consistente e coerente? Estas s?o algumas das perguntas que se pretende responder. Com Prefacio da orientadora da Tese de Mestrado, a Professora Doutora Sofia Oliveira Pais
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The book summarises the outcom of a priority research programme: 'Analysis, Modelling and Computation of Multiphase Flows'. The results of 24 individual research projects are presented. The main objective of the research programme was to provide a better understanding of the physical basis for multiphase gas-liquid flows as they are found in numerous chemical and biochemical reactors. The research comprises steady and unsteady multiphase flows in three frequently found reactor configurations, namely bubble columns without interiors, airlift loop reactors, and aerated stirred vessels. For this purpose new and improved measurement techniques were developed. From the resulting knowledge and data, new and refined models for describing the underlying physical processes were developed, which were used for the establishment and improvement of analytic as well as numerical methods for predicting multiphase reactors. Thereby, the development, lay-out and scale-up of such processes should be possible on a more reliable basis.
"Every once in a great while, there arises a young psychiatrist with entirely new rehabilitation ideas for helping patients retrieve their lives from psychosis. Usually such ideas initially elicit significant negative reactions from peers, but a handful of sturdy physicians have continued on to show the world that something different is possible—including George Brooks of the United States, E. E. Antinnen of Finland, and Franco Basaglia of Italy. Now we have to add to this list of illustrious doctors the name of Alberto Fergusson of Colombia”. (Extract of the "Foreword”)"