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Tissue engineering aims to develop biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve damaged tissue and organ functionality. To date, numerous stem cells and biomaterials have been explored for a variety of tissue and organ regeneration. The challenge for existing stem cell-based techniques is that current therapies lack controlled environm
The book chronicles the evolution of the church's political power throughout Poland's unique history. Beginning in the tenth century, the study first details how Catholicism overcame early challenges in Poland, from converting the early polytheists to pushing back the Protestant Reformation half a millennium later. It continues into the dawn of the modern age—including the division of Poland between Prussia, Russia, and Austria between 1772 and 1795, the interwar years, the National Socialist occupation of World War Two, and the communist and post-war communist eras—during which The Church only half-correctly presented itself as a steadfast protector of Poles, with clergy members who either stood up to foreign authorities or collaborated with those same Nazi and Communist leaders. This study ends with a consideration of how the Church has taken advantage of the fall of communism to push its own social agenda, at times against the wishes of most Poles.
Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House."
The Voice of Newfoundland studies cultural and political changes in Newfoundland from 1939 to 1949 by taking a close look at the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland's radio programming and the responses of their listeners.
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Originally published in 1941, this book presents a comprehensive history of Poland from 1697 to 1935. The text was begun on the initiative of the renowned Cambridge historian Harold Temperley (1879-1939), who arranged numerous meetings with Polish and British historians in relation to the project, and was completed following his death. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in Poland and European history.
In 1095 the First Crusade was launched, establishing a great military endeavour which was a central preoccupation of Europeans until the end of the thirteenth century. In Western warfare in the age of the Crusades, 1000-1300 John France offers a wide-ranging and challenging survey of war and warfare and its place in the development of European Society, culture and economy in the period of the Crusades. Placing the crusades in a wider context, this book brings together the wealth of recent scholarly research on such issues as knighthood, siege warfare, chivalry and fortifications into an accessible form. Western warfare in the age of the Crusades, 1000-1300 examines the nature of war in the period 1000-1300 and argues that it was primarily shaped by the people who conducted war - the landowners. John France illuminates the role of property concerns in producing the characteristic instruments of war: the castle and the knight. This authoritative study details the way in which war was fought and the reasons for it as well as reflecting on the society which produced the crusades.