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Greening Growth in Pakistan through Transport Sector Reforms
This book identifies reforms that can help manage environmental priority problems associated with transport’s impacts on air quality, noise pollution, road safety, hazardous-materials transport, climate change, and urban sprawl. The policy options are contextualized in light of the Government of Pakistan’s 2011 Framework for Economic Growth and its strategic objectives. Appendixes A–D present additional background information, describe the economic and institutional analyses undergirding this report, and detail the report’s methodology. This analytical work by a team of World Bank specialists focuses on: • analyzing the policy and institutional adjustments required to address envir...
From the Bottom Up
This report describes the four basic types of on- and off-grid small power producers emerging in Africa and highlights the regulatory and policy questions that must be answered by electricity regulators, rural energy agencies, and ministries to promote commercially sustainable investments by private operators and community organizations.
Cleaning Pakistan’s Air
The extent of urban air pollution in Pakistan—South Asia's most urbanized country—is among the world’s most severe, significantly damaging human health, quality of life, and the economy and environment of Pakistan. The harm from Pakistan's urban air pollution is among the highest in South Asia, exceeding several high-profile causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan. Improved air quality management (AQM) in Pakistan can have notable economic and health benefits. For example, the estimated health benefits per dollar spent on cleaner diesel are approximately US $1–1.5 for light-duty diesel vehicles and US $1.5–2.4 for large buses and trucks. This report advocates that Pakistan al...
Revitalizing Industrial Growth in Pakistan
Pakistan’s development efforts are guided by its 2011 Framework for Economic Growth, which identifies actions needed to create a prosperous, industrialized Pakistan through rapid and sustainable development. Industrialization has the potential to drive Pakistan’s economic growth and contribute significantly to meeting both economic and human development goals in Pakistan. Expansions of industrialization activities, whether in highly developed or developing countries, can be stimuli for intense debate about such projects’ benefits and costs to the region in which they are to be located, to the national economy—and to human health and the environment. Pakistan’s 2011 Framework for Ec...
Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries
This document includes a pragmatic framework for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from used lead acid battery recycling (ULAB) activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden of disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological samp...
Private Cities
Institutional constraints and weak capacity often hamper the ability of local governments in developing countries to steer urbanization. As a result, there are not enough cities to accommodate an unabated rural-urban migration and many of those that exist are messy, sprawling, and disconnected. The flipside is the emergence of entire cities--more than gated communities or industrial parks--led in whole or in part by private actors. To date, little systematic research has been conducted on the conditions that are necessary for such unusual entities to emerge, on the roles played by private actors, or on the consequences for efficiency and equity. 'Private Cities: Outstanding Examples from Dev...
Intelligent Processing Practices and Tools for E-Commerce Data, Information, and Knowledge
This book discusses recent research and applications about intelligent processing practices and tools for e-commerce data, information and knowledge. The authors first explain how advances in intelligent processing of data, information and knowledge that has wildly been used in e-commerce applications. They then show how this brings new opportunities and challenges for processing e-commerce data, information and knowledge. The book, made up of contributions from both academia and industry, aims to present advances in artificial intelligence to collect, process, and mining Data, information and knowledge, such as new algorithms and techniques in the field, foundational theory and systems, as well as practical e-commerce applications. Some of the topics discussed include AI for e-commerce, such as machine learning, deep learning; personalized service recommendation to e-commerce; modeling, description, and verification for data, information and knowledge; and task scheduling and performance optimization for large-scale concurrency.
Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis and Applications
This book constitutes the Proceeding of the Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Data Analysis and Applications, October 15–18, 2019, Arad, Romania. This edition is technically co-sponsored by “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Romania, Southwest Jiaotong University, Fujian University of Technology, Chang’an University, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Big Data Mining and Applications, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Electronic Information and Electrical Technology Education (Fujian University of Technology), China, Romanian Academy, and General Association of Engineers in Romania - Arad Section. The book covers a...
The Routledge Handbook of Planning Megacities in the Global South
Cities are now home to 55% of the world’s population, and that number is rising. Urban populations across the world will continue to grow, including in megacities with populations over ten million. In 2016 there were 31 megacities globally, according to the United Nations’ World Cities Report, with 24 of those cities located in the Global South. That number is expected to rise to 41 by 2030, with all ten new megacities in the Global South where the processes of urbanization are intrinsically distinct from those in the Global North. The Routledge Handbook of Planning Megacities in the Global South provides rigorous comparative analyses, discussing the challenges, processes, best practices, and initiatives of urbanization in Middle America, South America, the Middle East, Africa, South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. This book is indispensable reading for students and scholars of urban planning, and its significance as a resource will only continue to grow as urbanization reshapes the global population.
Energy and Environmental Outlook for South Asia
South Asia constitutes a key geography in the world today considering its large population and related daunting energy and environmental challenges. Many countries in the region are faced with a growing gap between energy demand and local resources, resulting in an increased dependence on imports. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the energy demand in South Asia will grow at a rate more than double that of the world average in the coming decades. This book addresses the critical subject of energy and environmental outlook for South Asia and presents the wider challenges and the responses at the national and regional level. Features: Discusses and addresses the ongoing energ...
