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Project Summaries
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Human Resources for Science and Technology
The European Union (EU) is attempting to integrate the science and engineering (S&E) research community and make the region's high concentration of science resources even more productive by encouraging greater cooperation and collaboration across borders. Data in this report describes growth in academic degrees, R&D, and gross domestic product (GDP). A high concentration of the world's scientific resources continue to reside in the European region. The current levels and projected growth of financial and human resources devoted to S&T in Europe pose some emerging issues that will be important in S&T policy discussions in the U.S. Charts and tables.
Science Indicators
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Scientific Communication and National Security
The military, political, and economic preeminence of the United States during the post-World War II era is based to a substantial degree on its superior rate of achievement in science and technology, as well as on its capacity to translate these achievements into products and processes that contribute to economic prosperity and the national defense. The success of the U.S. scientific enterprise has been facilitated by many factors, important among them the opportunity for American scientists and engineers to pursue their research-and to communicate with each other-in a free and open environment. During the last two administrations, however, concern has arisen that the characteristically open...
The Science and Technology Resources of Japan
A comparative analysis of research and development (R&D) efforts in Japan and the United States.
Funding a Revolution
The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing researc...
Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology
The tremendous growth in use of information technology (IT) has led to an increased interest in understanding its social and economic impacts. This book presents examples of crosscutting research that has been conducted to understand the impact of information technology on personal, community, and business activities. It explores ways in which the use of methodology from economics and social sciences contributes to important advances in understanding these impacts. The book discusses significant research issues and concerns and suggests approaches for fostering increased interdisciplinary research on the impacts of information technology and making the results of this research more accessible to the public and policymakers. This volume is expected to influence funding priorities and levels of support for interdisciplinary research of this kind.
