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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common fatal hereditary diseases. The discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene 25 years ago set the stage for unraveling the pathogenesis of CF lung disease, continuous refinement of symptomatic treatments and the development of mutation-specific therapies, which are now becoming available for a subgroup of patients. This ERS Monograph provides an update on all aspects of CF lung disease, from infancy to adulthood, including current concepts on disease process, improvements in early diagnosis and monitoring, therapeutic approaches, and patient care. The book highlights important recent developments and discusses the next steps that will be required for further improvement of the life expectancy and quality of life of CF patients. It will be an essential reference for basic and clinical scientists and all members of the CF team.
Particular focus on development of the chicken gut microbiome over the lifetime of the bird Reviews interactions between pathogens and the gut and the role of antibiotics in this process Comprehensive review of research on efficacy of poultry feed additives: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antimicrobials, essential oils and other botanicals, cereal grains
Parasitism is a tight association between species in which one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside the host, causing it harm, and is structurally adapted to this way of life. Until the twenty-first century, parasitism was studied by parasitologists, rather than ecologists or evolutionary biologists. Today, parasitism is a major element of evolutionary ecology, as nearly all free-living animals are hosts to at least one parasite species. Since it is in the parasite's evolutionary interest for its host to flourish, long-term coevolution can lead to a stable relationship bordering on mutualism. According to Lynn Margulis, when resources are scarce, natural selection, moves relationships from parasitism to mutualism, as it was brilliantly illustrated in Margulis' endosymbiosis theory, where eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts descended from formerly free-living prokaryotes. Boundary between mutualism, symbiosis, and pathological parasitism is a thin red line that frequently overlapping without a theory enough clear to explain this thigh relationship between the parasite and its host.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.