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Trees in a Changing Environment
This book delivers current state-of-the-science knowledge of tree ecophysiology, with particular emphasis on adaptation to a novel future physical and chemical environment. Unlike the focus of most books on the topic, this considers air chemistry changes (O3, NOx, and N deposition) in addition to elevated CO2 effects and its secondary effects of elevated temperature. The authors have addressed two systems essential for plant life: water handling capacity from the perspective of water transport; the coupling of xylem and phloem water potential and flow; water and nutrition uptake via likely changes in mycorrhizal relationships; control of water loss via stomata and its retention via cellular ...
Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges
There are significant pressures from climate change and air pollution that forests currently face. This book aims to increase understanding of the state and potential of forest ecosystems to mitigate and adapt to climate change in a polluted environment. It reconciles process-oriented research, long-term monitoring and applied modeling through comprehensive forest ecosystem research. Furthermore, it introduces "forest super sites for research for integrating soil, plant and atmospheric sciences and monitoring. It also provides mechanistic and policy-oriented modeling with scientifically sound risk indications regarding atmospheric changes and ecosystem services. - Identifies current knowledge gaps and emerging research needs - Highlights novel methodologies and integrated research concepts - Assesses ecological meaning of investigations and prioritizing research need
Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges
Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations pose a critical threat to forest ecosystems. A stomatal flux-based risk evaluation methodology at leaf level was established recently in the context of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. This study demonstrates improvement and validation of the stomatal flux–effect approach for European beech and Norway spruce with results from the 8-year free-air O3 enrichment experiment at Kranzberg Forest (Germany). Based on the recommended O3/water vapour diffusivity ratio of 0.663, provisional corrected flux–effect functions for beech and spruce were deduced. Comparison of observed and modelled loss in annual growth under twice-ambient O3 exposure relative to whole-stem productivity under ambient O3 seems to confirm the Convention’s leaf-level stomatal flux approach and the associated response function for Norway spruce up to twice-ambient O3 exposure. For European beech, it must be emphasized that the Convention’s methodology may underestimate the risk for loss in whole-stem productivity.
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