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From Life Molecules to Global Health
Health care demands more and more cooperation and the convergence of all health related sciences, from Life Molecules to Global Health, as was most recently shown by the challenge of the COVID pandemic. This book brings together science contributions from NOVA’s researchers on biology and health, in the format of a broad life construct book.
Algarve Building
Foreword by Adrian Forty. The Algarve is not only Portugal’s foremost tourism region. Uniquely Mediterranean in an Atlantic country, its building customs have long been markers of historical and cultural specificity, attracting both picturesque driven conservatives and modernists seeking their lineage. Modernism, regionalism and the ‘vernacular’ – three essential tropes of twentieth-century architecture culture – converged in the region’s building identity construct and, often the subject of strictly metropolitan elaborations, they are examined here from a peripheral standpoint instead. Drawing on work that won the Royal Institute of British Architects President’s Award for Out...
Paediatric drug optimization for neglected tropical diseases
Priority-setting is the first step to enable a targeted approach to research and development. Developing a prioritized drug portfolio of the most needed formulations for children is essential to streamline researchers’ and supplier’s efforts and resources around specific dosage forms and formulations that address most urgent needs for children. In general, due to limited financial incentives, few new drugs are being developed for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Several NTDs disproportionately affect children compared to adults and, as is the case like for most diseases affecting adults and children, the burden to children is compounded by lack of inclusion of paediatric populations i...
Guidelines for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis
WHO has issued new guidelines for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, a fatal disease provoked by a parasitic infection, transmitted by the bite of infected tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa. The recent development of a new molecule (fexinidazole) presents an opportunity to improve the therapeutic options. WHO has invested in following these developments, in commissioning independent evidence reviews, and in convening experts to develop new guidelines that reconfigure the therapeutic choices by giving new roles to this new molecule and the previously existing ones, in order to offer the best treatment possible for each type of patient. These guidelines are for the treatment of both disease forms: gambiense HAT, the slowly progressing form, caused by infection with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, in western and central Africa; and rhodesiense HAT, the more rapidly progressive form, caused by T. b. rhodesiense, in eastern and southern Africa. They supersede the WHO interim guidelines for the treatment of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis, issued in 2019.
Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
As it is a goal to eliminate human African trypanosomiasis (HAT; sleeping sickness) as a public health problem by 2020 and interrupt transmission by 2030, this is a good moment to reflect on what we have achieved, what we want to achieve, and what could get in our way. HAT has a reputation for spectacular reappearances, and the latest peak of 40,000 reported and over 300,000 estimated cases only dates back to 1998. Efforts of the WHO and partners as well as the development of simpler and much better-tolerated treatments, improved diagnostics, and vector control tools made it possible to reduce this number by 95%. Case identification and confirmation remain complex and require specific skills...
Report of the fifth WHO stakeholders meeting on gambiense and rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis elimination, Geneva, Switzerland, 7-9 June 2023
Concerted efforts by national programmes, supported by public–private partnerships, nongovernmental organizations, donors and academia under the auspices and coordination of the World Health Organization (WHO), have produced important achievements in the control of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). As a consequence, the disease was targeted for elimination as a public health problem by 2020. The Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly endorsed this goal in resolution WHA66.12 on Neglected tropical diseases, adopted in 2013. National sleeping sickness control programmes (NSSCPs) are core to progressing in the control of the disease and in adapting to the different epidemiological situations. T...
