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Complexity, Emergence, and Causality in Applied Linguistics
"This is an important book. Jeremie Bouchard calls for a renewal of applied linguistics, as he fearlessly challenges applied linguists to make clear their ontology. Bouchard himself offers complex realism, combining CDST with critical realism, both of which make emergence central. Although he does not hesitate to point out the conceptual limitations of CDST (in part attributed to its relatively recent arrival in applied linguistics), he maintains that the combination offers an invaluable middle way between objectivism and subjectivism, and successionist and interpretivist tendencies and integrates them within a robust social ontology. I believe it is incumbent upon applied linguists to take ...
Ideology, Agency, and Intercultural Communicative Competence
Associated with an important epistemological shift from language proficiency to language criticality in applied linguistic research, this book provides a sociological perspective on foreign language education in Japan. By employing ethnographic methods to investigate the relationship between three core analytical elements – foreign language education geared towards the development of learners’ intercultural communicative competence; nihonjinron and native-speakerism as potentially constraining ideological forces; and EFL practices observed at four Japanese junior high schools – the author not only shares valuable insights into how English is taught and learned in a stratum of the Japan...
Complexity, Emergence, and Causality in Applied Linguistics
This book suggests that applied linguistics research is inherently concerned with complexity, emergence and causality, and because of this it also requires a robust social ontology. The book identifies and unpacks a range of conceptual issues in applied linguistics from a social realist perspective, and provides a critique of successionism and interpretivism as two dominant and enduring empiricist tendencies in the field. From this critique, it considers the emergence of complex dynamic system theory as viable yet not entirely unproblematic conceptual sophistication of current applied linguistics research. Although the growing popularity of complex dynamic system theory is undeniable and understandable, this book argues that its integration within a social realist ontology is necessary for further developments in the field. The book will be of interest to applied linguists and social scientists interested in language-related issues including language learning and teaching, language change, language policy and planning, bilingualism/multilingualism, and language and identity.
Jeremie's Dilemma
Jeremie Bouchard's life has been a patchwork quilt of unexpected gains and crushing losses. He had lost his life years ago in a freak accident, but was granted a second life as his own infant son with Raelyn. Now fully grown and married to the lovely Anna, his flirtatious phone conversation with Raelyn threatens his seventeen-year marriage when Anna accidentally overhears it. Jeremie might regain Anna's love and respect if he told her about his reincarnation, but then he would have to forfeit his life for breaking his sacred pact with God. Jeremie feels that he is in a lose/lose situation, and he's always the one who loses. Raelyn reminds him that he has totally dedicated his life to Anna an...
Native-Speakerism
This book explores native-speakerism in modern language teaching, and examines the ways in which it has been both resilient and critiqued. It provides a range of conceptual tools to situate ideological discourses and processes within educational contexts. In turn, it discusses the interdiscursive nature of ideologies and the complex ways in which ideologies influence objective and material realities, including hiring practices and, more broadly speaking, unequal distributions of power and resources. In closing, it considers why the diffusion and consumption of ideological discourses seem to persist, despite ongoing critical engagement by researchers and practitioners, and proposes alternative paradigms aimed at overcoming the problems posed by the native-speaker model in foreign language education.
Researching Agency in Language Policy and Planning
This concise collection features seven studies on agency in language policy and planning across five different national contexts. Building on themes explored in Agency in Language Policy and Planning, this volume highlights the complex relationship between agency and broader ideological discourses, integrating social theory toward contributing to and enhancing growing scholarship on language policy and planning. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars in language policy and planning, language and education, critical sociolinguistics, and applied linguistics.
Teacher Agency and Policy Response in English Language Teaching
The role of English in the global arena has prompted official language-in-education policy makers to adopt language education policies to enable its citizens to be proficient in English and to access knowledge. Local educational contexts in different countries have implemented English education in their own ways with different pedagogical goals, motivations, features and pedagogies. While much of the research cited in English language planning policy has focused on macro level language policy and planning, there is an increasing interest in micro planning, in particular teacher agency in policy response. Individual teacher agency is a multifaceted amalgam, not only of teachers’ individual ...
Multiculturalism, Language, and Race in English Education in Japan: Agency, Pedagogy, and Reckoning
It is claimed that the English language teaching (ELT) profession incorporates principles of multiculturalism, tolerance, and pluralism, especially since it is viewed as a practical tool to promote intercultural exchange. However, as movements for social justice worldwide become more prevalent, some stakeholders in the field are beginning to question the field’s genuine commitment to such values. In Japan, for example, is the English language truly viewed as a practical communication tool to engage with diverse interlocutors on the global stage? Or do problematic discourses regarding the notion of the “ownership of English” and the ‘idealized speaker of English’ prevail due to the ...
Towards Post-Native-Speakerism
This book probes for a post-native-speakerist future. It explores the nature of (English and Japanese) native-speakerism in the Japanese context, and possible grounds on which language teachers could be employed if native-speakerism is rejected (i.e., what are the language teachers of the future expected to do, and be, in practice?). It reveals the problems presented by the native-speaker model in foreign language education by exploring individual teacher-researcher narratives related to workplace experience and language-based inclusion/exclusion, as well as Japanese native-speakerism in the teaching of Japanese as a foreign language. It then seeks solutions to the problems by examining the concept of post-native-speakerism in relation to multilingual perspectives and globalisation generally, with a specific focus on education.
English as a Lingua Franca in Latin American Education
ELF researchers have been describing the dynamic and fluid ways in which multilingual speakers shape English in transcultural communication for more than two decades now. While this work seriously challenges traditional, static, and prejudiced views of English, the diverse and variable nature of its uses and users continues to be undermined in many EFL programs around the world. This is also the case in many Latin American contexts, which have been described as fertile ground for native-speaker ideology, but where the body of ELF literature is still scarce when compared to Asian and European settings. This book is the first to bring together a series of empirical studies on the implications ...
