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Neurological and Mental Disorders
Mental disorders can result from disruption of neuronal circuitry, damage to the neuronal and non-neuronal cells, altered circuitry in the different regions of the brain and any changes in the permeability of the blood brain barrier. Early identification of these impairments through investigative means could help to improve the outcome for many brain and behaviour disease states.The chapters in this book describe how these abnormalities can lead to neurological and mental diseases such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), anxiety disorders, Alzheimer’s disease and personality and eating disorders. Psycho-social traumas, especially during childhood, increase the incidence of amnesia and transient global amnesia, leading to the temporary inability to create new memories.Early detection of these disorders could benefit many complex diseases such as schizophrenia and depression.
Ion Channels in Health and Sickness
Ion channels are proteins that make pores in the membranes of excitable cells present both in the brain and the body. These cells are not only responsible for converting chemical and mechanical stimuli into the electrical signals but are also liable for monitoring vital functions. All our activities, from the blinking of our eyes to the beating of our heart and all our senses from smell to sight, touch, taste and hearing are regulated by the ion channels. This book will take us on an expedition describing the role of ion channels in congenital and acquired diseases and the challenges and limitations scientist are facing in the development of drugs targeting these membrane proteins.
Serotonin
Serotonin - A Chemical Messenger Between All Types of Living Cells is a very interesting book on the most ancient neurotransmitter, hormone and trophic factor serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This unique chemical is present in all living cells including plants and animals. This book will take us through a serene journey of the evolutionary history of serotonin and its role from man to mollusk. There are many interesting chapters incorporated in this book, including novel approaches for detecting minor metabolites of serotonin in human plasma, production and function of serotonin in cardiac cells, immuno-thrombotic effects of serotonin in platelets to the identification and localization of serotonin in the nervous system and gonad of bivalve mollusks.
Serotonin - Neurotransmitter and Hormone of Brain, Bowels and Blood
Serotonin is an amazing neurotransmitter and hormone that is not only responsible for mood regulation but also plays an important role in regulating various aspects of human physiology and directly affecting human health. Serotonin is key to providing nutrition and oxygen from head to toe through vasoconstriction and hemostasis. The chapters in this book describe in detail not only how the serotonin receptor network interacts with each other but also their role in various pathologies. Disorders of serotonin could be related to structural and/or functional damage to the blood, brain, and bowel. Early identification of these conditions could benefit many diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome. The effects of serotonin abnormalities extend beyond one’s intellectual capacity. These effects can be felt at any time, from embryonic life to old age. In this book, you will not only find the role of other hormones such as insulin on serotonin but will also learn how serotonin plays an essential role in both plants and animals.
Basic and Clinical Understanding of Microcirculation
Microcirculation is key to providing enough nutrition and oxygen from head to toe. This is possible only through an extensive network of blood vessels spread around the body. Effect of microcirculation abnormalities stretch beyond one’s comprehension. The effects could be felt at any age, from the foetal life to the adulthood. The chapters present in this book describe how these abnormalities could lead to diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, hypertension. Disorders of microcirculation could be related to the structural and/or functional damage to the inner lining of the blood vessels. Early identification of these disorders could benefit many ailments including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders: Volume 11
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is a book series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and other nerve disorders. The scope of the book series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of contemporary molecular targets involved in neurological and CNS disorders. Reviews presented in the series are mainly focused on clinical and therapeutic aspects of novel drugs intended for these targets. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is a valuable re...
Blood Groups
Every cell in our body including red blood cells is covered with special markers called antigens, a substance that triggers the immune system response. Millions of antigens are present on the membrane of red blood cells and are ignored by the immune system because they are self-antigens. However, if a person receives a transfusion of blood that contains different antigens from their own blood, there will be a severe and immediate attack by the cells of the immune system. Therefore, it is important to use the patient’s same blood group for the transfusion. The blood group antigens not only perform a critical role in the function of cells but can also be used by viruses to gain access into the cells. This book includes nine chapters on different blood group antigens and their activities behind the scenes. Chapters address blood antigens and their association with cardiovascular diseases, thromboembolic diseases, malaria, and many other diseases and infections.
Erythrocyte
In addition to carrying haemoglobin for gas exchange, red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes contain a number of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, making them capable of acting as peripheral biomarkers for many pathological conditions. Early identification of key changes in erythrocytes in response to inflammatory or infectious diseases saves millions of lives worldwide. As such, this book examines the role of RBCs in immunology. Chapters cover such topics as an iron deficiency in erythrocytes, the modulation of oxidative stress (OS) in erythrocytes in bacterial and viral infections, using human foetal astrocytes (HFAs) as an experimental model to measure early predictive biomarkers for hypertension, and more.
Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Epilepsy
This book on Epilepsy was conceived and produced as a source of information on wide range of issues in epilepsy. We hope that it will help health care providers in daily practices and increase their understanding on diagnosis and treatment of epilepsies. The book was designed as an update for neuroscientists who are interested in epilepsy, primary care physicians and students in health care professions.
Serotonin and the CNS
Serotonin is an ancient neurotransmitter system involved in various systems and functions in the body and plays an important role in health and disease. The present volume illustrates the broadness of the involvement of serotonergic activity in many processes, focusing particularly on disorders of the brain, including depression, stress and fear, Alzheimer’s disease, aggression, sexual behavior, and neuro-immune disorders. Chapters illustrate techniques and methods used to study the complex role of the serotonergic system in all kinds of processes, present new hypotheses for several brain disorders like sleep and depression, and use mathematical modeling as a tool to advance knowledge of the extremely complex brain and body processes.
