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Amenability of Discrete Groups by Examples
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 180

Amenability of Discrete Groups by Examples

The main topic of the book is amenable groups, i.e., groups on which there exist invariant finitely additive measures. It was discovered that the existence or non-existence of amenability is responsible for many interesting phenomena such as, e.g., the Banach-Tarski Paradox about breaking a sphere into two spheres of the same radius. Since then, amenability has been actively studied and a number of different approaches resulted in many examples of amenable and non-amenable groups. In the book, the author puts together main approaches to study amenability. A novel feature of the book is that the exposition of the material starts with examples which introduce a method rather than illustrating it. This allows the reader to quickly move on to meaningful material without learning and remembering a lot of additional definitions and preparatory results; those are presented after analyzing the main examples. The techniques that are used for proving amenability in this book are mainly a combination of analytic and probabilistic tools with geometric group theory.

Groups and Topological Dynamics
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 708

Groups and Topological Dynamics

This book is devoted to group-theoretic aspects of topological dynamics such as studying groups using their actions on topological spaces, using group theory to study symbolic dynamics, and other connections between group theory and dynamical systems. One of the main applications of this approach to group theory is the study of asymptotic properties of groups such as growth and amenability. The book presents recently developed techniques of studying groups of dynamical origin using the structure of their orbits and associated groupoids of germs, applications of the iterated monodromy groups to hyperbolic dynamical systems, topological full groups and their properties, amenable groups, groups of intermediate growth, and other topics. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in group theory, transformations defined by automata, topological and holomorphic dynamics, and theory of topological groupoids. Each chapter is supplemented by exercises of various levels of complexity.

Topological Methods in Group Theory
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 211

Topological Methods in Group Theory

Details some of the most recent developments at the interface of topology and geometric group theory. Ideal for graduate students.

Automorphic Forms Beyond $mathrm {GL}_2$
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 199

Automorphic Forms Beyond $mathrm {GL}_2$

The Langlands program has been a very active and central field in mathematics ever since its conception over 50 years ago. It connects number theory, representation theory and arithmetic geometry, and other fields in a profound way. There are nevertheless very few expository accounts beyond the GL(2) case. This book features expository accounts of several topics on automorphic forms on higher rank groups, including rationality questions on unitary group, theta lifts and their applications to Arthur's conjectures, quaternionic modular forms, and automorphic forms over functions fields and their applications to inverse Galois problems. It is based on the lecture notes prepared for the twenty-fifth Arizona Winter School on “Automorphic Forms beyond GL(2)”, held March 5–9, 2022, at the University of Arizona in Tucson. The speakers were Ellen Eischen, Wee Teck Gan, Aaron Pollack, and Zhiwei Yun. The exposition of the book is in a style accessible to students entering the field. Advanced graduate students as well as researchers will find this a valuable introduction to various important and very active research areas.

Self-similar and Self-affine Sets and Measures
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 466

Self-similar and Self-affine Sets and Measures

Although there is no precise definition of a “fractal”, it is usually understood to be a set whose smaller parts, when magnified, resemble the whole. Self-similar and self-affine sets are those for which this resemblance is precise and given by a contracting similitude or affine transformation. The present book is devoted to this most basic class of fractal objects. The book contains both introductory material for beginners and more advanced topics, which continue to be the focus of active research. Among the latter are self-similar sets and measures with overlaps, including the much-studied infinite Bernoulli convolutions. Self-affine systems pose additional challenges; their study is often based on ergodic theory and dynamical systems methods. In the last twenty years there have been many breakthroughs in these fields, and our aim is to give introduction to some of them, often in the simplest nontrivial cases. The book is intended for a wide audience of mathematicians interested in fractal geometry, including students. Parts of the book can be used for graduate and even advanced undergraduate courses.

Residuated Structures in Algebra and Logic
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 282

Residuated Structures in Algebra and Logic

This book is an introduction to residuated structures, viewed as a common thread binding together algebra and logic. The framework includes well-studied structures from classical abstract algebra such as lattice-ordered groups and ideals of rings, as well as structures serving as algebraic semantics for substructural and other non-classical logics. Crucially, classes of these structures are studied both algebraically, yielding a rich structure theory along the lines of Conrad's program for lattice-ordered groups, and algorithmically, via analytic sequent or hypersequent calculi. These perspectives are related using a natural notion of equivalence for consequence relations that provides a bridge offering benefits to both sides. Algorithmic methods are used to establish properties like decidability, amalgamation, and generation by subclasses, while new insights into logical systems are obtained by studying associated classes of structures. The book is designed to serve the purposes of novices and experts alike. The first three chapters provide a gentle introduction to the subject, while subsequent chapters provide a state-of-the-art account of recent developments in the field.

The Classification of the Finite Simple Groups, Number 10
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 587

The Classification of the Finite Simple Groups, Number 10

This book is the tenth in a series of volumes whose aim is to provide a complete proof of the classification theorem for the finite simple groups based on a fairly short and clearly enumerated set of background results. Specifically, this book completes our identification of the simple groups of bicharacteristic type begun in the ninth volume of the series (see SURV/40.9). This is a fascinating set of simple groups which have properties in common with matrix groups (or, more generally, groups of Lie type) defined both over fields of characteristic 2 and over fields of characteristic 3. This set includes 11 of the celebrated 26 sporadic simple groups along with several of their large simple subgroups. Together with SURV/40.9, this volume provides the first unified treatment of this class of simple groups.

Recovery Methodologies: Regularization and Sampling
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 505

Recovery Methodologies: Regularization and Sampling

The goal of this book is to introduce the reader to methodologies in recovery problems for objects, such as functions and signals, from partial or indirect information. The recovery of objects from a set of data demands key solvers of inverse and sampling problems. Until recently, connections between the mathematical areas of inverse problems and sampling were rather tenuous. However, advances in several areas of mathematical research have revealed deep common threads between them, which proves that there is a serious need for a unifying description of the underlying mathematical ideas and concepts. Freeden and Nashed present an integrated approach to resolution methodologies from the perspe...

Iwasawa Theory and Its Perspective, Volume 2
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 228

Iwasawa Theory and Its Perspective, Volume 2

Iwasawa theory began in the late 1950s with a series of papers by Kenkichi Iwasawa on ideal class groups in the cyclotomic tower of number fields and their relation to $p$-adic $L$-functions. The theory was later generalized by putting it in the context of elliptic curves and modular forms. The main motivation for writing this book was the need for a total perspective of Iwasawa theory that includes the new trends of generalized Iwasawa theory. Another motivation is to update the classical theory for class groups, taking into account the changed point of view on Iwasawa theory. The goal of this second part of the three-part publication is to explain various aspects of the cyclotomic Iwasawa theory of $p$-adic Galois representations.

The Generation Problem in Thompson Group $F$
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 106

The Generation Problem in Thompson Group $F$

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