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Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-520/ This is the nineth quadrennial report on the use of economic instruments in Nordic environmental policy published by the Nordic Working Group for Environment and Economics. The report contains two parts. Part 1 summarizes the most significant developments in the use of economic instruments in the environmental policies in the Nordic countries. It provides an overview of new instruments or major changes to existing instruments from 2018 to 2021 in the Nordic countries. The biggest changes are seen in the transport sector and in the field of energy and air pollution. Part 2 provides an overview of policies and instruments the Nordic countries have used to promote clean technologies. Most common is the use of a mix of environmental taxes and subsidies. Each country has chosen different technological paths depending on national and sector characteristics, as well as national preferences.
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This book highlights developments in the field of solar cells. The chapters in this book address a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by solar cell devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the evolution of solar cell technology during the last 50 years. It places particular emphasis on silicon solar cells, CIGS-based solar cells, organic solar cells, perovskite solar cells and hybrid solar cells. The book describes in detail the fabrication processes employed for different categories of solar cells. It also provides the characterization techniques utilized in this sector to evaluate the performance of solar cells and the scope of this domain in the future. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of solar cells in an easy-to-understand manner.
Multifunctional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Energy Applications provides deep insight into the role of multifunctional nanomaterials in the field of energy and power generation applications. It mainly focuses on the synthesis, fabrication, design, development, and optimization of novel functional inorganic nanomaterials for energy storage and saving devices. It also covers studies of inorganic electrode materials for supercapacitors, membranes for batteries and fuel cells, and materials for display systems and energy generation. Features: Explores computational and experimental methods of preparing inorganic nanomaterials and their multifunctional applications Includes synthesis and performance analysis of various functional nanomaterials for energy storage and saving applications Reviews current research directions and latest developments in the field of energy materials Discusses importance of computational techniques in designing novel nanomaterials Highlights importance of multifunctional applications of nanomaterials in the energy sector This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials science, electrical engineering, and nanomaterials.
With the increasing world-energy demand there is a growing necessity for clean and renewable energy. This book offers an introduction to novel types of solar cells, which are processed from solution. We discuss fabrication, different architectures and their device physics of these solar cells on the bases of the author‘s teaching course on a master degree level. A comparison with conventional solar cells is given and the specialties of organic, hybrid and perovskite solar cells are emphasized.
Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics, Third Edition, is a 'benchmark' publication for those involved in the design, manufacture and use of these devices. This fully revised handbook includes brand new sections on smart grids, net metering and the modeling of photovoltaic systems, as well as fully revised content on developments in photovoltaic applications, the economics of PV manufacturing and updated chapters on solar cell function, raw materials, photovoltaic standards, calibration and testing, all with new examples and case studies. The editor has assembled internationally-respected contributors from industry and academia around the world to make this a truly global reference. It is essen...
Enormous leaps forward in the efficiency and the economy of solar cells are being made at a furious pace. New materials and manufacturing processes have opened up new realms of possibility for the application of solar cells. Crystalline silicon cells are increasingly making way for thin film cells, which are spawning experimentation with third-generation high-efficiency multijunction cells, carbon-nanotube based cells, UV light for voltage enhancement, and the use of the infrared spectrum for night-time operation, to name only a few recent advances. This thoroughly updated new edition of Markvart and Castaner's Solar Cells, extracted from their industry standard Practical Handbook of Photovo...
The research and development activities in energy conversion and storage are playing a significant role in our daily lives owing to the rising interest in clean energy technologies to alleviate the fossil-fuel crisis. Polymers are used in energy conversion and storage technology due to their low-cost, softness, ductility and flexibility compared to carbon and inorganic materials. Polymers in Energy Conversion and Storage provides in-depth literature on the applicability of polymers in energy conversion and storage, history and progress, fabrication techniques, and potential applications. Highly accomplished experts review current and potential applications including hydrogen production, sola...