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Henry Kreis
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Nineteenth-Century Emigration from Kreis Simmern (Hunsrueck), Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, to Brazil, England, Russian Poland, and the United States of a
Mr. Smith extracted the names in the Simmern Kreis/Rhineland-Falz booklet from two articles published in Germany in 1935 and 1938. Approximately 56% of these individuals emigrated to the U.S., 37% to Brazil, and 5% to England. In this work, the author has arranged the names according to hometown of origin and, thereunder, by the country of destination. In most cases, we learn the emigrant's name, year emigrated, occupation, date of birth, and frequently, the city or state of destination. The roughly 2,500 persons named in the volume, whose dates of emigration span the last 70 years of the 19th century, are easily found by means of the surname index at the back.
Thinking Outside the Circle
Besides their ideas and social networks, émigré intellectuals bring with themselves practices for engagement with intellectual work. This article focuses on one such practice: the intellectual Kreis [circle]. It focuses on the Geistkreis, an interwar Viennese interdisciplinary intellectual circle. Based on archival research, the article uses a number of case studies to show that the Kreis was employed by the Viennese emigres as a mental scheme and as a recipe for action. It argues that the émigrés' adherence to the Kreis-structure explains the friction between them and their hosts. By following the attempts of former Geistkreis members to create Kreis-like institutions in America, the article shows that the Kreis was more than mere organizational form. It represented an epistemical commitment to knowledge-making as a collective effort, and the preference of general theoretical knowledge over specialized research. It also entailed an intermingling of “work” and “life” that did not conform to American norms.
Archiv Der Pharmazie
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Regional Mortality Differences in Germany
Regional mortality differences are one dimension of health inequalities, but its trends and determinants in Germany are widely unknown. This book examines and illustrates patterns of regional mortality in Germany—with focus on small-area differentials—and their changes over time. It identifies explanatory factors at individual and regional level. Mortality differences between eastern and western Germany exist, but small-area mortality differentials are often greater. Though the main spatial mortality patterns remain, this study provides evidence that some distinct changes in the small-area mortality patterns in Germany—especially among women—occurred within a short period of time. Mortality inequalities at younger ages and in behavior-related causes as well as differences in socioeconomic conditions contribute strongly to regional mortality differences in Germany. The book shows that the complex interplay between individual- and regional-level mortality risk factors requires a multidimensional approach to reduce regional mortality inequalities.
