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After the Badge: My Experiences and Reflections as a Police Officer
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 103

After the Badge: My Experiences and Reflections as a Police Officer

“After the Badge: My Experiences and Reflections as a Police Officer” provides a compelling narrative of the author’s journey as a member of The Gambia Police Force. Serving as the Public Relations Officer (PRO) under authoritarian and democratic regimes, the author offers profound insights into policing in The Gambia. The book delves into the author’s educational path and teaching career, shedding light on the challenges faced in the pursuit of education. The narrative then takes readers through the author’s police training, offering a detailed look into the training program and exploring the history of policing in The Gambia. The author provides valuable insights into how these t...

After Paris
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 46

After Paris

This paper discusses the implications of climate change for fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic policies. Most pressing is the use of carbon taxes (or equivalent trading systems) to implement the emissions mitigation pledges submitted by 186 countries for the December 2015 Paris Agreement while providing revenue for lowering other taxes or debt. Carbon pricing in developing countries would effectively mobilize climate finance, and carbon price floor arrangements are a promising way to coordinate policies internationally. Targeted fiscal measures that are tailored to national circumstances and robust across climate scenarios are needed to counter private sector under-investment in climate adaptation. And increased disclosure of carbon footprints, stress testing of asset values, and greater proliferation of hedging instruments, will facilitate low-emission investments and climate risk diversification through financial markets.

Revisiting the Concept of Dollarization
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 31

Revisiting the Concept of Dollarization

The economic literature has examined deposit dollarization in nominal terms, typically focusing on the ratio of foreign currency deposits to broad money. However, while private agent demand for foreign currency may remain unchanged in foreign currency terms, there could be large fluctuations in the dollarization ratio simply due to exchange rate movements. This paper proposes a new approach to measuring dollarization that removes these exchange rate effects, and demonstrates that beyond the variance of inflation and depreciation, the level of inflation and size of depreciation also matter for dollarization. While dollarization in nominal terms surged during the recent global financial crisis...

Trading with China
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 13

Trading with China

We analyze the impact on productivity in advanced economies of fast-growing trade with China between the mid-1990s and late-2000s, separately identifying the export and import channels. We use country-sector-level data for 18 advanced economies and, similar to Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013), exploit exogenous variation in trade with China in a given country-sector by instrumenting imports from (exports to) China in a given country-sector with the average imports from (exports to) China in the same sector in other advanced economies. Our estimates point to large productivity gains from trading with China—the (exogenous) rise of China in global trade may have increased the level of total fac...

United Kingdom
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 65

United Kingdom

This paper aims to provide European Union (EU), while recognizing that the choice of whether to remain in the EU is for U.K. voters to make and that their decisions will reflect both economic and noneconomic factors. The question of EU membership is both a political and an economic issue, and the referendum has sparked a wide-ranging debate on the United Kingdom’s role in the EU. Given the range of plausible alternative arrangements with the EU, the number of channels by which countries could be affected and the range of possible effects on the United Kingdom and other economies are broad.

Tumbulu, the Only Daughter
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 244

Tumbulu, the Only Daughter

This book is a rare testimony of a fascinating and thrilling biography of the only daughter of a privileged Gambian couple in Faraba Banta village. Tumbulu was raised under excessive and indulgent parental attachment, and she was not well accustomed to the myths and the traditions of the Mandinka culture as other girls are. In the dawn of her adulthood, clouds darkened the horizon over her as challenging mishaps circumvented her lifea life her mother created. I told you so, her mother said when time witnessed her most awkward predicament that rendered melancholic boomerang on her family.

Africa Yearbook Volume 12
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 542

Africa Yearbook Volume 12

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2016-10-05
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  • Publisher: BRILL

The Africa Yearbook covers major domestic political developments, the foreign policy and socio-economic trends in sub-Sahara Africa – all related to developments in one calendar year. The Yearbook contains articles on all sub-Saharan states, each of the four sub-regions (West, Central, Eastern, Southern Africa) focusing on major cross-border developments and sub-regional organizations as well as one article on continental developments and one on African-European relations. While the articles have thorough academic quality, the Yearbook is mainly oriented to the requirements of a large range of target groups: students, politicians, diplomats, administrators, journalists, teachers, practitioners in the field of development aid as well as business people.

Macroeconomic Consequences of Tariffs
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 57

Macroeconomic Consequences of Tariffs

We study the macroeconomic consequences of tariffs. We estimate impulse response functions from local projections using a panel of annual data that spans 151 countries over 1963-2014. We find that tariff increases lead, in the medium term, to economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity. Tariff increases also result in more unemployment, higher inequality, and real exchange rate appreciation, but only small effects on the trade balance. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies, and when tariffs go up, not down. Our results are robust to a large number of perturbations to our methodology, and we complement our analysis with industry-level data.

Domestic Gun Control and International Small Arms Control in Africa
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 279

Domestic Gun Control and International Small Arms Control in Africa

This book, based on field research in the West African country of The Gambia, explores how domestic gun control is shaped by international efforts and how local actors interact with international organizations or opt not to do so. The book also shows how the question of who can have what kind of gun under what circumstances is an intrinsic question to modern societies across the world, but it is seldom one that is addressed in sub-Saharan Africa except in cases of post-conflict countries. Small arms control and gun control are often treated as separate efforts, with the former the domain of international actors such as the United Nations and the latter being of concern to the domestic politics of countries such as the United States. By focusing on a country that has never seen the outbreak of a civil war, the book is able to disentangle the complex roots of gun control in Africa, its origins in colonial era legislation, its reverberations across social life, and how it shapes contemporary understandings of groups ranging for security guards to hunters.

The Effect of Tariffs in Global Value Chains
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 33

The Effect of Tariffs in Global Value Chains

This paper empirically investigates the impact of tariffs when production is organized in global value chains. Using global input-output matrices, we construct four different tariff measures that capture the direct and indirect exposure to tariffs at different stages of the production chain for a broad set of countries and industries. Our results suggest that tariffs have significant effects on economic outcomes, including on countries and sectors not directly targeted. We find that tariffs higher up and further down in the value chain depress value added, employment, labor productivity and total factor productivity to varying degrees. We find no benefits for the sector that enjoys additional protection, yet there is some evidence of economic activity being diverted, i.e. positive effects on value added and employment from tariffs imposed on competitors. Our paper relates to recent innovations in theoretical gravity models and provides an empirical assessment of possible long-term effects of recent trade tensions.