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Debt Relief and Beyond
The history of debt relief goes back several decades. It reveals that a country s accumulation of unsustainable debt stems from such factors as deficiencies in macroeconomic management, adverse terms-of-trade shocks, and poor governance. Debt-relief initiatives have provided debt-burdened countries with the opportunity for a fresh start, but whether the benefits of debt relief can be preserved depends on transformations in a country s policies and institutions. In 1996, the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative was launched as the first comprehensive, multilateral, debt-relief framework for low-income countries. In 2005, the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative was established, wh...
Official Gazette
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Capital Flows to Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
September 1998 Foreign direct investment and, more recently, short-term debt and portfolio flows have become important parts of private capital flows to Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Private flows have increased in response to reform efforts, the buildup of reserves, and prospective membership in the European Union. Private capital flows to Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have taken off in recent years. Foreign direct investment was the most important such flow from 1991-97, but since 1993 short-term debt and portfolio flows have also been important. The increase in these potentially more volatile short-term flows raises some questions about s...
IEO Evaluation Report on the IMF's Approach to Capital Account Liberalization 2005
Drawing on evidence from a sample of emerging market economies over the period 1990-2004, this evaluation report reviews the IMF’s approach to capital account liberalization and related issues. The evaluation seeks to contribute to transparency by documenting what in practice has been the IMF's approach to these issues and to identify areas where the IMF’s instruments and operating methods might be improved, in order to deal with these issues more effectively.
Financial Liberalization and the Capital Account
Thailand's economic crisis in 1997 was fundamentally one of private sector debt, rooted in private behavior that affected the magnitude and composition of investment and how it was financed. Thailand's crisis provides further evidence that financial liberalization must be carefully managed because, by increasing competition, it lowers the franchise value of existing financial institutions and creates incentives for unsound banking practices.
Financial Stability and Growth
The 2008 global financial crisis took the world by surprise, not least because politicians, businessmen and economists believed that they had learned crucial lessons from the Great Depression of the 1930s. As a direct result of deregulated financial markets, financial crises occurred in both developed and developing economies. However, this volume argues that in the most recent crisis developing countries suffered less, and that financial policy and regulation played a crucial part in this. The contributors to this volume explore the alternative development paradigm that has been gaining credence since the Asian crisis, known as new developmentalism. New developmentalism is embodied in the f...
¿Vale la pena? VIVIR
¿Vale la pena? Vivir habla sobre alguien que empieza a cuestionarse sí hay valentía en quedarse en la tierra, empieza a escribir una carta de suicidio al día hasta que logre su cometido.
Progress in Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition, IWAIPR 2018, held in Havana, Cuba, in September 2018. The 42 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 101 submissions. The papers promote and disseminate ongoing research on mathematical methods and computing techniques for artificial intelligence and pattern recognition, in particular in bioinformatics, cognitive and humanoid vision, computer vision, image analysis and intelligent data analysis, as well as their application in a number of diverse areas such as industry, health, robotics, data mining, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, telecommunications, document analysis, and natural language processing and recognition.
