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The individualism of the French peasantry during the nineteenth century has frequently been asserted as one of its most striking characteristics. In this 1999 book, Alan Baker challenges this orthodox view and demonstrates the extent to which peasants continued with traditional, and developed new, forms of collective action. He examines representations of the peasantry and discusses the discourse of fraternity in nineteenth-century France in general before considering specifically the historical development, geographical diffusion and changing functions of fraternal voluntary associations in Loir-et-Cher between 1815 and 1914. Alan Baker focuses principally upon associations aimed at reducing risk and uncertainty and upon associations intended to provide agricultural protection. A wide range of new voluntary associations were established in Loir-et-Cher - and indeed throughout rural France - during the nineteenth century. Their historical geography throws new light upon the sociability, upon the changing mentalités, of French peasants, and upon the role of fraternal associations in their struggle for survival.
In Imago Mortis: Mediating Images of Death in Late Medieval Culture, Ashby Kinch argues for the affirmative quality of late medieval death art and literature, providing a new, interdisciplinary approach to a well-known body of material. He demonstrates the surprising and effective ways that late medieval artists appropriated images of death and dying as a means to affirm their artistic, social, and political identities. The book dedicates each of its three sections to a pairing of a visual convention (deathbed scenes, the Three Living and Three Dead, and the Dance of Death) and a Middle English literary text (Hoccleve’s Lerne for to die, Audelay’s Three Dead Kings, and Lydgate’s Dance of Death).
Over 75 generations of ancestors traveled from the wilds of ancient Wales, England, Scotland, Normandy and Germany to the high hillbilly country of Greene Co., Tennessee and Kentucky. Tim's ancestry includes people of several religions; Quaker, Presbyterian, Episcopal, Lutheran and Druid. The people ranged from common folk tilling the soil to Knights, Kings and Queens of Sweden, Scotland, England, Wales and Normandy, many of whom were Freemasons in the early years of the American Nation. One of his ancestors was Robert Burns, the national poet of Scotland. Tim's Warren Freemason ancestors played an integral part in the making of a new nation in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War. One ancestor died at Bunker Hill and his remaining family was taken care of by Benedict Arnold. Others supported the Revolution, on both sides; Loyalist and Patriot. Enjoy the journey as you identify ancestors that you've always heard about, but had no idea that you were related to.
First published in 2006. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The family of Sherri Roddy Brewer comes from a variety of areas, including Ireland, Scotland, England and Germany. They were involved in colonial America politics and served in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Civil War. Some were killed by Indians, and other moved westward to build the fabric of Americas.On the front cover is the castle at Aberdeen, Scotland, home of the Walker family. Enjoy the journey!