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If the Walls Could Speak focuses on the lives of women in prison in postwar communist Poland and how they took on different roles and personalities to protect themselves and create a semblance of normality, despite abuses and prison confinement, and reveals how life in a Stalinist prison adds to our understanding of coercion and resistance under totalitarian regimes.
A fascinating journey through Europe's old towns, exploring why we treasure them--but also what they hide about a continent's fraught history Historic quarters in cities and towns across the middle of Europe were devastated during the Second World War--some, like those of Warsaw and Frankfurt, had to be rebuilt almost completely. They are now centers of peace and civility that attract millions of tourists, but the stories they tell about places, peoples, and nations are selective. They are never the whole story. These old towns and their turbulent histories have been key sites in Europe's ongoing theater of politics and war. Exploring seven old towns, from Frankfurt and Prague to Vilnius in Lithuania, the acclaimed writer Marek Kohn examines how they have been used since the Second World War to conceal political tensions and reinforce certain versions of history. Uncovering hidden stories behind these old and old-seeming façades, Kohn offers us a new understanding of the politics of European history-making--showing how our visits to old towns could promote belonging over exclusion, and empathy over indifference.
Index. Bibliography: p.489-498.
"Parties and Elections in Europe" is a comprehensive reference guide to the parliamentary elections and governments in the European countries since 1945, the elections to the European Parliament since 1979 and to all significant political parties in Europe. Listed are more than 1250 parties (currently active parties and dissolved or inactive parties). The guide includes basic data of these parties (founding years, political orientations, affiliations to political parties at European level, political groups in the European Parliament and political internationals) and a chronological summary of their history (name changes, predecessors, mergers and splits).
Why did the Polish underground Home Army call for what proved to be a suicidal uprising? Why did they decide that their poorly armed troops should alone liberate Warsaw shortly before the Soviet entry into the capital? Why were the approaching Russians not informed? Why did the Red Army fail to take Warsaw in the first days of August 1944 as both Stalin and Bor-Kornorowski had anticipated? Dr Ciechanowski examines in detail the political, diplomatic, ideological and military background of the Rising and the events and decisions which immediately preceded it. He traces in turn: the main aspects of Polish politics, strategy and diplomacy during the whole of the Second World War. It is based primarily on unpublished Polish contemporary documents and on interviews with highly placed participants in, and witnesses of, the Warsaw Rising. It provides a definitive account of why the Rising took place and is an extremely important contribution to the history of the Second World War.
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Sept. 30 and Oct. 1 hearings were held in Wilkes-Barre, Pa; Oct. 21 and 22 hearings were held in Milwaukee, Wis.
The communists of East Central Europe came to power promising to bring about genuine equality, paying special attention to achieving gender equality, to build up industry and create prosperous societies, and to use music, art, and literature to promote socialist ideals. Instead, they never succeeded in filling more than a third of their legislatures with women and were unable to make significant headway against entrenched patriarchal views; they considered it necessary (with the sole exception of Albania) to rely heavily on credits to build up their economies, eventually driving them into bankruptcy; and the effort to instrumentalize the arts ran aground in most of the region already by 1956...