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The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) of vertebrates is composed of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Together, they form part of the first line of immune defense against a variety of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses), and thus play an important role in maintaining organism homeostasis. The mode of transmission, type of replication and mechanism of disease-causing differ significantly for each pathogen, eliciting a unique immune response in the host. Within this context, the MPS acts as both the sentinel and tailor of the immune system. As sentinels, MPS cells are found in blood and within tissues throughout the body to patrol against pathogenic insult. The strate...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer of the liver and the third most cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The 5-year survival of HCC is less than 20%, making HCC the second most lethal malignancy; the first being pancreatic cancer. HCC usually occurs in patients with chronic liver disease in association with a variety of risk factors, including chronic liver infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus; excessive consumption of alcohol; overeating, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; other metabolic liver diseases including Wilson’s disease, hemochromatosis, and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; and environmental toxins such as aflatoxins. Tobacco...
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The book Eco-Restoration of the Polluted Environment: A Biological Perspective explores recent advances in biological strategies for the remediation of polluted environments, including soil, water, and air. It covers bioremediation of heavy metals, radioactive waste, and waste gases, which are believed to be bottleneck problems for researchers working in this field. The book contains separate chapters on genetic engineering technology for enhancement of the bioremediation potential of bioresources and the role of biosurfactants, enzymes, and exo-polysaccharides for bioremediation of polluted environments, along with basic aspects of eco-restoration by microorganisms. It summarizes the signif...