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Commercial Law in Southeastern Europe
In late Ottoman South-Eastern Europe, traditional Ottoman law, court systems and court personnel on the one hand, and ultra-modern French and German/Austrian law on the other, clashed. Thus, more than ever before, this region lay on the "tectonic boundary" of several legal continental shelves. This location makes South Eastern Europe a laboratory in which elements from different legal cultures coexist, mutually influence each other and merge with each other: A legal space characterised by plurality and hybridity, which due to these characteristics ultimately appears more modern than the - at least supposedly - homogeneous legal areas on the individual legal continental shelves.
Reception of the 'Limited liability company (GmbH)'
The limited liability company (GmbH) was created by the German legislature in 1892 as a company form without any historical forerunners or suggestions from comparative law. It brought about a readjustment of the relationship between the chance of profit and the liability risk. However, criticism from the jurisprudence that had not been included in the quick legislative process was also heard from the start. As early as 1892, Levin Goldschmidt expressed concern that the GmbH would replace 'principally more solid forms of company'. However, this criticism did not prevent the company form of the GmbH from being adopted in numerous European countries, or at least seriously considering its reception.
Privilege and Property
What can and can't be copied is a matter of law, but also of aesthetics, culture, and economics. The act of copying, and the creation and transaction of rights relating to it, evokes fundamental notions of communication and censorship, of authorship and ownership - of privilege and property. This volume conceives a new history of copyright law that has its roots in a wide range of norms and practices. The essays reach back to the very material world of craftsmanship and mechanical inventions of Renaissance Italy where, in 1469, the German master printer Johannes of Speyer obtained a five-year exclusive privilege to print in Venice and its dominions. Along the intellectual journey that follow...
Fair taxes or budget revenues at any price?
The study of the Polish tax system and policy which enriches knowledge of developments in one of the largest and most rapidly changing states in Europe. It is the result of cooperation of academics and practitioners from major tax advisory firms as well as in-house tax experts. Political changes in Poland (electoral victory of the right-wing PiS party) coincided with changes on the global tax scene, which were associated with the BEPS project (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting), implemented by the OECD. The struggle to rebuild countries' tax revenues began. The ambitious social policy in Poland, which involved substantial transfers of funds to the less well-off, required an increase in budget...
Pandemic Poland
Poland has been in a phase of change since 2015. The constitutional system of the Third Republic is being restructured. The Judiciary, media, schools and universities are the main focus of attention. This restructure is being celebrated by the government as a renewal of the Polish state, but is being branded by the opposition as the destruction of the Polish Republic in favour of an illiberal democracy. In this already very difficult situation, Poland was confronted with the major challenges posed by a pandemic. What effects will the crisis have on the restructuring of the constitutional system? At present, it seems that the pandemic is acting as a catalyst for those changes. This book aims to provide an informed commentary on those developments and what they mean for the Third Polish Republic.
The Characterization of Provisions Protecting Forced Heirs Against Lifetime Dispositions
Normally, forced heirship is primarily associated with a restraint of the decedent's testamentary freedom of disposition. Nevertheless, to effectively protect the forced heirs, forced heirship systems usually also contain various mechanisms to restrain the decedent's lifetime freedom of disposition. Scholars and courts have been debating the proper characterization of these mechanisms in conflicts of laws for decades. Raphael de Barros Fritz addresses the many open questions surrounding this issue by analysing the characterization of forced heirship mechanisms in the laws of Louisiana and Germany.
Understanding the Sources of Early Modern and Modern Commercial Law
The contributions of Understanding the Sources of Early Modern and Modern Commercial Law: Courts, Statutes, Contracts, and Legal Scholarship show the wealth of sources which historians of commercial law use to approach their subject. Depending on the subject, historical research on mercantile law must be ready to open up to different approaches and sources in a truly imaginative and interdisciplinary way. This, more than many other branches of law, has always been largely non-state law. Normative, ‘official’, sources are important in commercial law as well, but other sources are often needed to complement them. The articles of the volume present an excellent assemblage of those sources. Anja Amend-Traut, Albrecht Cordes, Serge Dauchy, Dave De ruysscher, Olivier Descamps, Ricardo Galliano Court, Eberhard Isenmann, Mia Korpiola, Peter Oestmann, Heikki Pihlajamäki, Edouard Richard, Margrit Schulte Beerbühl, Guido Rossi, Bram Van Hofstraeten, Boudewijn Sirks, Alain Wijffels, and Justyna Wubs-Mrozewicz.
Expert Laws of War
Over recent decades, international humanitarian law has been shaped by the omnipresence of so-called expert manuals. Astute and engaging, this discerning book provides a comprehensive account of these black letter rules and commentaries produced by private expert groups and demonstrates why the general acceptance of these expert manuals is largely unjustified. The author innovatively links interdisciplinary insights to the needs of military lawyers in practice, showing the pitfalls of relying on private manuals as arguable restatements and interpretations of the law 'as it is'.
