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Investigation of Fretting Wear of Cladding Materials in Liquid Lead
One promising concept for future nuclear reactors uses liquid metals like Pb as reactor coolant. In this work, fretting of fuel clad materials is investigated in Pb environment at relevant operating conditions. A novel test apparatus is presented that allows fretting tests in liquid lead with high accuracy and reproducibility also during long term tests. Tolerable operating conditions concerning fretting wear by evaluating the specific wear coefficient and the concept of fretting maps are given.
Temperature- and Time-Dependent Dielectric Measurements and Modelling on Curing of Polymer Composites
In this book a test set for dielectric measurements at 2.45 GHz during curing of polymer composites is developed. Fast reconstruction is solved using a neural network algorithm. Modeling of the curing process at 2.45 GHz using both dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor results in more accurate model compared to low frequency modelling that only uses the loss factor. Effect of various hardeners and different amount of filler is investigated.
The CERN Resonant WISP Search (CROWS)
The subject of this work is the design, implementation and first results of the "CERN Resonant WISP Search" (CROWS), which probes the existence of Axion Like Particles and Hidden Sector Photons (HSPs) using microwave techniques. By exploiting low loss cavity resonators, multiple layers of electromagnetic shielding and a micro-Hz bandwidth detection scheme, new exclusion limits could be set. For HSPs, sensitivity was improved by a factor of 7 compared to previous laboratory experiments.
Energy-efficient, scalable and modular industrial microwave applicator for high temperature alkaline hydrolysis of PET
Microwave-assisted alkaline hydrolysis of PET can be 20 times faster and at lower temperatures. This work presents a novel industrial microwave applicator at 2.45 GHz with homogeneous distribution to support this reaction, which allows an efficient and continuous operation. In addition, an innovative dielectric and calorimetric measurements setup is presented. Furthermore, the modelling of the reaction kinetics based on the measured dielectric parameters is presented.
Automated Mode Recovery and Electronic Stability Control for Wendelstein 7-X Gyrotrons
Magnetic confinement fusion relies on plasma heating and plasma control using gyrotron oscillators providing at megawatt power levels. The operational reliability decreases when operating at the performance limits due to increasing parasitic mode activity. This work demonstrates for the first time the automated, fast recovery of nominal gyrotron operation during a pulse by exploiting the hysteretic gyrotron behaviour after a mode switch being in use at the Wendelstein 7-X ECRH facility.
Feasibility and Operational Limits for a 236 GHz Hollow-Cavity Gyrotron for DEMO
The DEMOnstration fusion power plant (DEMO) will be the first fusion reactor, which is intended to generate net electrical power. For successful operation of DEMO, high-power gyrotrons with operating frequencies up to 240 GHz are required for plasma heating and stabilization. In this work, a systematic feasibility study and tolerance analysis are performed for the conventional-type hollow-cavity DEMO gyrotrons. The various approaches are also suggested to identify its operational limits.
Pushing the KIT 2 MW Coaxial-Cavity Short-Pulse Gyrotron Towards a DEMO Relevant Design
Magnetic fusion is one approach to generate thermonuclear fusion power in an environmental friendly way. The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating is considered as the major concept for startup, heating and control of the fusion plasma. Megawatt-class gyrotrons generate the required microwave power. This work focuses on advanced key components and technologies for a DEMO relevant 2 MW gyrotron. One major focus is on the development of advanced Magnetron Injection Guns. Another focus is on the red
Influence of Emitter Surface Roughness and Emission Inhomogeneity on Efficiency and Stability of High Power Fusion Gyrotrons
The increasing demand for powerful, reliable, and efficient gyrotron oscillators for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) in fusion plasma experiments requires a close look at the various factors in gyrotrons that determine gyrotron performance. In this frame, the influence of emitter surface roughness, emission inhomogeneity, and secondary electron generation on gyrotron operation is presented, with focus on Low Frequency Oscillations (LFOs) and Electron Beam Halo (EBH) generation.
