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Middle America
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The Lands of Middle Americ
Additional Author Is W. W. Charters. Edited By George I. Sanchez. Illustrated By John Ushler.
Mid-America
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Revision of the Middle American Clade of the Ant Genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)
Stenamma is a cryptic ?leaf-litter? ant genus that occurs in mesic forest habitats throughout the Holarctic region, Central America, and part of northwestern South America (Colombia and Ecuador). The genus was thought to be restricted primarily to the temperate zone, but recent collecting efforts have uncovered a large radiation of Neotropical forms, which rival the Holarctic species in terms of morphological and behavioral diversity. By inferring a broad-scale molecular phylogeny of Stenamma, Branstetter (2012) showed that all Neotropical species belong to a diverse Middle American clade (MAC), and that this clade is sister to an almost completely geographically separated Holarctic clade (H...
