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Macrophages were initially identified as a key element in the innate host response to infection and injury due to their phagocytic clearance and elimination of pathogenic and non-pathogenic entities. However, as macrophage research advanced it became clear that not only are these cells amenable to the acquisition of multiple plastic phenotypes during inflammatory responses to different pathogens, they also play a paramount role in the termination of inflammation and acquired immune responses. In addition, macrophages profoundly affect host physiology when they migrate to distant sites and differentiate to specialized cells, like foam cells, osteoclasts, adipose tissue- and tumor -associated ...
We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.
NETosis, a form of cell death that manifests by the release of decondensed chromatin to the extracellular space, provides valuable insights into mechanisms and consequences of cellular demise. Because extracellular chromatin can immobilize microbes, the extended nucleohistone network was called a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET), and the process of chromatin release was proposed to serve an innate immune defense function. Extracellular chromatin NETs were initially observed in studies of neutrophils and are most prominent in these types of granulocytes. Subsequent studies showed that other granulocytes and, in a limited way, other cells of the innate immune response may also release nucle...
Plasticity and dynamism characterize the immune system as a tissue-integrating network with defensive functions. Blood and lymphatic vessel trees constitute the most evident and intuitive physical platform for the development of the net of interactions between immune cells, body tissues and foreign agents. Moreover vessel repair and immune patrolling are intimately linked physiological functions with common evolutionary roots. Not surprisingly variable degrees of vascular inflammation are often detectable in the setting of systemic inflammation and autoimmunity, whereas research in the field of cardiovascular pathology is progressively converging towards the identification of a common inflammatory background. The definition of the role of vascular inflammation in causing, sustaining and/or predicting the development of systemic autoimmunity constitute a challenging, unexplored frontier towards the development of a new generation of treatments and a better patient care.
This is the first comprehensive book about the relationship between apoptosis and autoimmune diseases. It offers a unique up-to-date overview on research results on the defective execution of apoptosis and the incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells. The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved are described in detail. As a possible consequence of apoptotic dysfunction, the development of severe autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) is discussed. An outlook on future research topics includes the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies.
Human Activity and Behavior Analysis relates to the field of vision and sensor-based human action or activity and behavior analysis and recognition. The book includes a series of methodologies, surveys, relevant datasets, challenging applications, ideas, and future prospects. The book discusses topics such as action recognition, action understanding, gait analysis, gesture recognition, behavior analysis, emotion and affective computing, and related areas. This volume focuses on relevant activities in three main subject areas: Healthcare and Emotion, Mental Health, and Nurse Care Records. The editors are experts in these arenas and the contributing authors are drawn from high-impact research groups around the world. This book will be of great interest to academics, students, and professionals working and researching in the field of human activity and behavior analysis.
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