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In this book, some of the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' provide scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance.
This book was the first handbook where the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' reviewed our scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance and how experts may differ from non-experts in terms of their development, training, reasoning, knowledge, social support, and innate talent. Methods are described for the study of experts' knowledge and their performance of representative tasks from their domain of expertise. The development of expertise is also studied by retrospective interviews and the daily lives of experts are studied with diaries. In 15 major domains of expertise, the leading researchers summarize our knowledge on the structure and acquisition of expert skill and knowledge and discuss future prospects. General issues that cut across most domains are reviewed in chapters on various aspects of expertise such as general and practical intelligence, differences in brain activity, self-regulated learning, deliberate practice, aging, knowledge management, and creativity.
The twenty-three essays in this volume discuss the essential nature of expert knowledge, as well as such questions such as how "expertise" differs from mere "knowledge," and relation between the individual and group processes involved in knowledge in general and expertise in particular, the social and other contexts of expertise, how expertise can be assessed, and the relation between human and computer expertise.
Speed in acquiring the knowledge and skills to perform tasks is crucial. Yet, it still ordinarily takes many years to achieve high proficiency in countless jobs and professions, in government, business, industry, and throughout the private sector. There would be great advantages if regimens of training could be established that could accelerate the achievement of high levels of proficiency. This book discusses the construct of ‘accelerated learning.’ It includes a review of the research literature on learning acquisition and retention, focus on establishing what works, and why. This includes several demonstrations of accelerated learning, with specific ideas, plans and roadmaps for doing...
The emerging widespread use of artificial intelligence in education.
This anthology explores the significance and role of empathy in the public sphere. It examines the use of empathy to establish trans-cultural solidarity as well as to motivate people for political action in our ever increasingly multicultural environment. On a more practical level it investigates if empathy can be taught or cultivated. And, if so, are literature or other forms of cultural representations the most adequate and promising methods. The contributions will analyze these and other implications, potentials and weaknesses of empathy on an interdisciplinary and intercultural level.
Improve your company's ability to avoid or manage crises Managing the Unexpected, Third Edition is a thoroughly revised text that offers an updated look at the groundbreaking ideas explored in the first and second editions. Revised to reflect events emblematic of the unique challenges that organizations have faced in recent years, including bank failures, intelligence failures, quality failures, and other organizational misfortunes, often sparked by organizational actions, this critical book focuses on why some organizations are better able to sustain high performance in the face of unanticipated change. High reliability organizations (HROs), including commercial aviation, emergency rooms, a...
Similarity and analogy are fundamental in human cognition. They are crucial for recognition and classification, and have been associated with scientific discovery and creativity. Any adequate understanding of similarity and analogy requires the integration of theory and data from diverse domains. This interdisciplinary volume explores current development in research and theory from psychological, computational, and educational perspectives, and considers their implications for learning and instruction. The distinguished contributors examine the psychological processes involved in reasoning by similarity and analogy, the computational problems encountered in simulating analogical processing in problem solving, and the conditions promoting the application of analogical reasoning in everyday situations.
Cognitive science is a multidisciplinary science concerned with understanding and utilizing models of cognition. It has spawned a great dealof research on applications such as expert systems and intelligent tutoring systems, and has interacted closely with psychological research. However, it is generally accepted that it is difficult to apply cognitive-scientific models to medical training and practice. This book is based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Italy in 1991, the purpose of which was to examine the impact ofmodels of cognition on medical training and practice and to outline future research programmes relating cognition and education, and in particular to consider the potential impact of cognitive science on medical training and practice. A major discovery presented in the book is that the research areas related to artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and medical decision making are considerably closer, both conceptually and theoretically, than many of the workshop participants originally thought.
From his 30 years as a top strategy consultant, Tony Manning has distilled a set of must-do strategy practices that apply to every company everywhere. These are the critical core. Busy executives are overwhelmed by management ideas that are often just a repeat of what’s already known, and seduced by fads that will bog them down and not help them. Manning has dug deep into the past 100 years or so of management thinking and practice to find what’s endured, what has been most influential, and what is must-do vs. nice-to-do. Expanding on insights from Manning’s previous book, What’s Wrong With Management and How to Get It Right, this no-nonsense guide describes a way of working that has been proven across companies, industries, and countries. A set of principles and practices that every firm must apply to compete and win. Here you’ll discover what it takes to succeed, how to frame your strategic conversation, and how to close the gap between strategy and execution. So this is a book for every member of your team.