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Space Between Words
Silent reading is now universally accepted as normal; indeed reading aloud to oneself may be interpreted as showing a lack of ability or understanding. Yet reading aloud was usual, indeed unavoidable, throughout antiquity and most of the middle ages. Saenger investigates the origins of the gradual separation of words within a continuous written text and the consequent development of silent reading. He then explores the spread of these practices throughout western Europe, and the eventual domination of silent reading in the late medieval period. A detailed work with substantial notes and appendices for reference.
French Medical Culture in the Nineteenth Century
The eleven essays in this volume illustrate the richness, complexity, and diversity of French medical culture in the nineteenth century, a period that witnessed the medicalization of French society. Medical themes permeated contemporary culture and politics, and medical discourse infused many levels of French society from the bastions of science - the medical faculties and research institutions - to novels, the theater, and the daily lives of citizens as patients. The contributors to this volume - all established scholars in the history of medicine - present the French medical experience from the point of view of both practitioners and patients, and show how medical themes colored popular pe...
Divide and Conquer
This wide-ranging book is the first to examine one of the most significant and characteristic features of modern medicine - specialization - in historical and comparative context. Based on research in three languages, it traces the origins of modern medical specialization to 1830s Paris and examines its spread to Germany, Britain, and the US, showing how it evolved from an outgrowth of academic teaching and research in the 19th century into the dominant mode of medical practice by the middle of the 20th. Taking account of the parallels and differences in national developments, the book shows the international links among the nations' medical systems as well as the independent influences of local political and social conditions in the move toward specialization. An epilogue takes the story up to the twenty-first century, where problems of specialization merge into the larger crisis of health care which affects most western nations today.
Following Charcot: A Forgotten History of Neurology and Psychiatry
Jean-Martin Charcot, the iconic 19th century French scientist, is still regarded today as the most famous and celebrated neurologist in the world. Despite the development of strong independent schools of thought in the USA, UK and Germany, his ‘Salpêtrière’ school has become symbolic of the early development and rise of neurological practice and research. This book presents a fresh look at the origins of nervous system medicine, and at the fate of Charcot’s school and pupils. Special emphasis is placed upon the parallels and interactions between developments in neurology and mental medicine, clearly demonstrating that Charcot is not only the father of clinical neurology, but also wielded enormous influence upon the field we would come to know as psychiatry.Providing new insights into the life and work of Charcot and his pupils, this book will make fascinating reading for neurologists, psychiatrists, physicians and historians.
Singled Out
Recommendations -- To the Russian government -- To the United Nations -- To the Council of Europe -- To the European Union and the United States government. -- Methodology. -- Russia's international obligations -- Arbitrary or unlawful detentions -- Arbitrary or unlawful expulsions. -- Background -- Relations between Russia and Georgia -- Racism and xenophobia in Russia -- Migration and migration policy in Russia. -- The campaign against Georgians -- Official statements -- Media campaign -- Official orders to target Georgians --Targeting Georgian businesses and Georgian workers -- Arbitrary and iIlegal detention and expulsion of Georgians -- Coerced "confessions"--Violation of the rights to counsel and to inform a person of the fact of detention -- Violation of the right to a fair hearing -- Violation of the right to appeal -- Deaths of Georgians in custody -- Inhuman and degrading treatment -- Conditions of detention -- Conditions of expulsion -- Expulsion of Georgian refugees from Abkhazia. -- Conclusion. -- Acknowledgements. -- Appendix A. -- Appendix B. -- Appendix C. -- Appendix D. -- Appendix E. -- Appendix F.
A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory
Explains and explores the central premises of OT and the results of their praxis.
The Annotated Bibliography of Canada's Major Authors
Volume 7 in the Bibliography of Canada's Major Authors series which brings together primary and secondary material written by some of Canada's most preeminent literary figures. This volume includes annotated bibliographies on Marian Engel, Anne Hébert, Robert Kroetsch, and Thomas H. Raddall.
The Old Shanghai A-Z
This richly anecdotal guide to every street in Shanghai details many landmarks and stories associated with its best-known avenues. A definitive index to the street names of Shanghai, some of which have disappeared or been removed, allows historians, researchers, tourists, and the just plain curious to navigate the city in its pre-1949 incarnations, through the former International Settlement, French Concession, and External Roads area with a detailed map and alphabetical entry for every road. The book is lavishly illustrated with old advertising, images, and postcards of the streets and businesses, the bars and nightclubs, the people and characters of old Shanghai bringing alive the city in its previous heyday as the Pearl of the Orient.The Old Shanghai A-Zshould become the standard reference work as well as being an easy-to-use guide for researchers and visitors looking to recapture the glamour and uniqueness of old Shanghai. Paul Frenchis an analyst and writer who has worked in Shanghai for many years as a founder of Access Asia. His books includeCarl Crow: A Tough Old China HandandThrough the Looking Glass: China's Foreign Journalists from Opium War to Mao.
