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This book summarizes the recent progress in the physics and astrophysics of neutron stars and, most importantly, it identifies and develops effective strategies to explore, both theoretically and observationally, the many remaining open questions in the field. Because of its significance in the solution of many fundamental questions in nuclear physics, astrophysics and gravitational physics, the study of neutron stars has seen enormous progress over the last years and has been very successful in improving our understanding in these fascinating compact objects. The book addresses a wide spectrum of readers, from students to senior researchers. Thirteen chapters written by internationally renowned experts offer a thorough overview of the various facets of this interdisciplinary science, from neutron star formation in supernovae, pulsars, equations of state super dense matter, gravitational wave emission, to alternative theories of gravity. The book was initiated by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action MP1304 “Exploring fundamental physics with compact stars” (NewCompStar).
There are reasons to believe the 21st century will be the best ever for astrophysics: the James Webb Space Telescope will extend nearly twenty times the present observational limit of visible light; neutrino massiveness opens a new window for exploration on dark energy and dark matter physics and is expected to provide insights into the fate of the Universe; the Higgs boson may allow for an understanding of the weakness of gravity; gravitational waves produced at the birth of the Universe and by compact stellar objects (supermassive black holes, black hole/neutron star mergers, gamma-ray bursts, white dwarf inspirals) have unveiled a new area of astronomy. Against this background, compact stars, the theme of this volume, present unique astrophysical laboratories for probing the fabric of space-time and the building blocks of matter and their interactions at physical regimes not attainable in terrestrial laboratories.
Over the last decade, astrophysical observations of neutron stars — both as isolated and binary sources — have paved the way for a deeper understanding of the structure and dynamics of matter beyond nuclear saturation density. The mapping between astrophysical observations and models of dense matter based on microscopic dynamics has been poorly investigated so far. However, the increased accuracy of present and forthcoming observations may be instrumental in resolving the degeneracy between the predictions of different equations of state. Astrophysical and laboratory probes have the potential to paint to a new coherent picture of nuclear matter — and, more generally, strong interaction...
The birth of a completely new branch of observational astronomy is a rare and exciting occurrence. For a long time, our theories about gravitational waves—proposed by Albert Einstein and others more than a hundred years ago—could never be fully proven, since we lacked the proper technology to do it. That all changed when, on September 14, 2015, instruments at the LIGO Observatory detected gravitational waves for the first time. This book explores the nature of gravitational waves—what they are, where they come from, why they are so significant and why nobody could prove they existed before now. Written in plain language and interspersed with additional explanatory tutorials, it will appeal to lay readers, science enthusiasts, physical science students, amateur astronomers and to professional scientists and astronomers.
Major developments have taken place during the last few years in the study of the nuclear paradigm as a result of recent detector and accelerator developments, and of improved theoretical models.The active use of 4-π detectors to measure the gamma decay of excited nuclei has been instrumental in exploring the consequences of extremely high rotational frequencies and excitation energies in the nuclear structure. The identification of superdeformed bands, of limiting temperature for the detection of giant resonances, and of rotational damping, are conspicuous examples of this novel type of research. Studies of the disassembling of the nucleus have been systematically carried out, and the resu...
The International Symposium on “Exotic States of Nuclear Matter” was a unique opportunity to review and discuss the many aspects of nuclear matter under extreme conditions and the corresponding possible exotic states like hyperonic matter, kaon condensates, and quark matter, which can appear both in astrophysical compact objects like neutron stars and in heavy ion collision experiments. In this proceedings volume, leading experts from astrophysics, nuclear physics, and elementary particle physics have delivered reviews and specialized seminars, which highlight the links among the different fields and the role of the underlying fundamental processes. Prospects in future astrophysical observations, with present and planned apparata, and heavy ion experiments are strongly emphasized. Thus, this book will definitely be a valuable reference for all researchers working in this wide research area.
The International Symposium on ?Exotic States of Nuclear Matter? was a unique opportunity to review and discuss the many aspects of nuclear matter under extreme conditions and the corresponding possible exotic states like hyperonic matter, kaon condensates, and quark matter, which can appear both in astrophysical compact objects like neutron stars and in heavy ion collision experiments. In this proceedings volume, leading experts from astrophysics, nuclear physics, and elementary particle physics have delivered reviews and specialized seminars, which highlight the links among the different fields and the role of the underlying fundamental processes. Prospects in future astrophysical observations, with present and planned apparata, and heavy ion experiments are strongly emphasized. Thus, this book will definitely be a valuable reference for all researchers working in this wide research area.
At Copenhagen in June 1988, the 80th Anniversary of the birth of L D Landau, the much respected Soviet physicist and author of the Course on Theoretical Physics, published by Pergamon Press, was celebrated with an International Symposium in his honour. The papers presented at that meeting are published here, providing an overview of recent progress in theoretical physics, covering super-string theories, chaos, high Tc superconductivity and biomolecules.
Biography of a Jewish doctor who survived and triumphed over the horrors of the Holocaust. Eli's Story: A Twentieth-Century Jewish Life is first and foremost a biography. Its subject is Eli G. Rochelson, MD (1907–1984), author Meri-Jane Rochelson's father. At its core is Eli's story in his own words, taken from an interview he did with his son, Burt Rochelson, in the mid-1970s. The book tells the story of a man whose life and memory spanned two world wars, several migrations, an educational odyssey, the massive upheaval of the Holocaust, and finally, a frustrating yet ultimately successful effort to restore his professional credentials and identity, as well as reestablish family life. Eli'...
Interest in the interface between nuclear structure & nuclear astrophysics has been growing, following the development of new radioactive beam experimental facilities. These conference proceedings focus on developments in the area, & particularly on the nuclear physics of the synthesis of the elements in the early stages of the universe.